1. ABSOLUTISM

2. NECESSARY TERMS Absolutism- one ruler assumes total control over his/her people Absolutism- one ruler assumes total control over his/her people Mercantilism- world contains fixed amount of wealth… go get it Mercantilism- world contains fixed amount of wealth… go get it Balance of Trade- goal is to export more than you inport… why? Balance of Trade- goal is to export more than you inport… why? Balance of Power- goal is to prevent any one nation from getting stronger than the rest… how? Why? Balance of Power- goal is to prevent any one nation from getting stronger than the rest… how? Why?

3. Spain Charles V- ruled Spain, abroad, HRE, & Netherlands Heir to Hapsburg Empire Power leads to war –Over land in Italy –Protestants vs. Catholics

4. Spain cont’d Peace of Augsburg (1555) Charles splits extensive empire between Ferdinand (central Europe) & Philip (Sp. Netherlands, S. Italy and abroad)

5. Spain Cont’d Goals of Philip II- –Expand Influence –Strengthen Church –Create Absolute Power ‘it is best to keep an eye on everything’ US gold & Silver make spain EU power

6. Spain Cont’d Escorial- church, residence & royal tomb Divine Right- sent by God! Battle of Lepanto- defeats Ottomans

7. Spain’s Troubles Revolt in Netherlands- Revolt in Netherlands- Phil picks fight with Protestants Phil picks fight with Protestants Richest part of his empire Richest part of his empire Resisted Catholic conversion Resisted Catholic conversion All citizens opposed high taxes w/ out representation All citizens opposed high taxes w/ out representation 1581- Dutch Netherlands splits, recognized in 1648 1581- Dutch Netherlands splits, recognized in 1648

8. More Troubles Enemy of Elizabeth I She encourages piracy –Knights Francis Drake –1588 Spanish Armada No immediate impact but loses dominance of seas

9. Good & Bad 1550-1650 Golden Century Patron of arts w/ academies in Science & Math El Greco (painter) & Cervantes (author) led this movement Economic Decline Foreign wars Expulsion of Jews & Muslims (skilled work) Too much gold & silver? Crazy Taxes on middle class Neglected industry & agriculture

10. Think & Respond How were Charles V and Phillip II alike & different in ensuring absolute power for the Spanish Throne?

11. Russia Medieval State Medieval State Untouched by Renaissance Untouched by Renaissance Isolated Culturally & Physically Isolated Culturally & Physically 1682 Peter takes throne @ age 10 1682 Peter takes throne @ age 10 1 st strong leader to hold absolute rule 1 st strong leader to hold absolute rule Leaves at 25 to study European Powers Leaves at 25 to study European Powers

12. Peter the Great Peter the Great Visits: –Factories –Art Galleries –Doctors –Ship yards Brings Back –Technicians –Teachers –Soldiers –Nobles

13. Gov’t & Military Centralizes government & Orthodox Church Nobles serve state in return for peasants Feudalism… big mistake Serfs used for Public Works Projects (St. Petersberg)

14. Economic Achievements Imports Western Technology Imports Western Technology Sets up Math, Science & Engineering Academies Sets up Math, Science & Engineering Academies Simplifies Alphabet Simplifies Alphabet Adopts Mercantilist views Adopts Mercantilist views Improves Infrastructure Improves Infrastructure Develops Mining, Textile & Trading Co.’s Develops Mining, Textile & Trading Co.’s

15. Social Men shaved beards or paid tax Men shaved beards or paid tax Wore western clothing Wore western clothing Integrated Women @ social events Integrated Women @ social events Zero Tolerance Zero Tolerance Poor guards Poor guards

16. Political Power Largest standing army Largest standing army Looks to extend borders Looks to extend borders Baltic (cold port) & Black (warm port) Baltic (cold port) & Black (warm port) Only achieves Baltic… why is this bad? Only achieves Baltic… why is this bad? Also expands east as far as Cali. (Berring) Also expands east as far as Cali. (Berring) Largest country on map Largest country on map Few settle east of Ural Mnts. Why? Few settle east of Ural Mnts. Why?

17. Cultural Impact St. Petersberg (window to west) St. Petersberg (window to west) 10,000+ serfs used to drain swamps 10,000+ serfs used to drain swamps 1000’s die… ends justifies means 1000’s die… ends justifies means Invites Italian artisans to design great palaces Invites Italian artisans to design great palaces Expands & becomes more modern..almost Expands & becomes more modern..almost Weak leaders after, nobles rise up Weak leaders after, nobles rise up

18. Think & Respond Was Peter The Great really Great? Why or Why Not?

19. England Background 1485-1603 ruled by Tudor Family 1485-1603 ruled by Tudor Family Worked hand in hand w/ parliamentWorked hand in hand w/ parliament Still believed in divine rightStill believed in divine right Elizabeth I last Tudor rulerElizabeth I last Tudor ruler No direct heir to throneNo direct heir to throne 1603 Stuart Family from Scotland assume power and open Century of Revolution 1603 Stuart Family from Scotland assume power and open Century of Revolution

20. James I ‘I will not be content that my power be disputed’ ‘I will not be content that my power be disputed’ Predict what his rule is going to look likePredict what his rule is going to look like Would not discuss foreign policy Would not discuss foreign policy Dissolved Parliament Dissolved Parliament Levies his own taxes Levies his own taxes Purify Church of Catholic practices Purify Church of Catholic practices Simpler service No need for bishops… democracy “They will listen, leave or die” “They will listen, leave or die”

21. Charles I (1625) Petition of Right 1628- Petition of Right 1628- Promises to consult ParliamentPromises to consult Parliament 11 Year Tyranny 11 Year Tyranny Archbishop Laud & Scotts Archbishop Laud & Scotts 1640 Charles needs $ for war… what to do 1640 Charles needs $ for war… what to do Long Parliament (1640-1653) Long Parliament (1640-1653) Tries & executes chief ministers Can no longer be dissolved Abolished Bishops 1642 Charles tries to arrest radicals in House of Commons 1642 Charles tries to arrest radicals in House of Commons

22. Civil War Cavaliers (Charles I, Wealthy nobles, materialistic w/ long hair) Cavaliers (Charles I, Wealthy nobles, materialistic w/ long hair) vs. Roundheads (Parliament & Cromwell and their bowl haircuts) vs. Roundheads (Parliament & Cromwell and their bowl haircuts) New Model Army- disciplined fighting machine New Model Army- disciplined fighting machine

23. The End Of Charles I The End Of Charles I Roundheads win war Roundheads win war Charles I tried as “a Tyrant, traitor, murderer & public enemy”Charles I tried as “a Tyrant, traitor, murderer & public enemy” Sees himself as martyrSees himself as martyr 1 st king to be executed by own people1 st king to be executed by own people What is the impact here? What’s Next? What is the impact here? What’s Next?

24. The English Republic Cromwell is Lord Protector Cromwell is Lord Protector Attacks Ireland at Drogheda Attacks Ireland at Drogheda Brings Puritan Morality to England Brings Puritan Morality to England Closed theatres & tavernsClosed theatres & taverns Regulated lewd dancing & gamblingRegulated lewd dancing & gambling Welcomed back Jews after 350 yrs.Welcomed back Jews after 350 yrs. Education for allEducation for all Marriage for love not businessMarriage for love not business

25. Charles II & James II Cromwell dies & England is dead too Cromwell dies & England is dead too Charles II (1658) breathes life back into themCharles II (1658) breathes life back into them Models after Louis XIV of FranceModels after Louis XIV of France James II Takes throne in 1685… but he’s Catholic and he flaunts it James II Takes throne in 1685… but he’s Catholic and he flaunts it Glorious Revolution- William & Mary Glorious Revolution- William & Mary Not a drop of blood was shedNot a drop of blood was shed

26. Impact of G.R. English Bill of Rights Limited monarchy Bans excessive fines & punishments Habeas corpus- arraignment Absolutism dies

27. Think & Respond Why do you think a constitutional monarchy evolved in England during the 17 th century?

28. France Background Dominantly Catholic Dominantly Catholic Riots between Catholics & Huguenots Riots between Catholics & Huguenots 1589 Henry IV takes throne and converts 1589 Henry IV takes throne and converts “Paris is well worth a Mass” “Paris is well worth a Mass” Edict of Nantes- grants religious tolerance & builds walled cities Edict of Nantes- grants religious tolerance & builds walled cities

29. Paving way to Absolutism Henry IV accomplishes Equality & justice Improved roads & bridges Revived agriculture Lessens nobles Power Assassinated in 1610… enter Louis XIII

30. Cardinal Richelieu.. The real king Strengthen central gov’t Destroyed noble armies and castles Smashed walled cities for security Outlaws Huguenot armies Gave nobles high posts in court or army to ensure allegiance Grants freedom of religion

31. Louis XIV (1643-1715) Grandson to Phillip II (Spain… we learned that already) Believes in divine right and sun becomes symbol of his power “I am the state”… what’s this tell you? Not once does he call for Estates General Appoints intendants- tax collectors

32. Military & Economy Strongest army in EU. Paid, fed and trained 300,000 men Used army to enforce policy abroad and at home Colbert- Economic advisor Mercantilism High Tariffs on Import Added Farm Land Encouraged mining & industry Increases luxurious & foreign trade

33. Social & Cultural Supported Arts, music, plays Women performed too Classical Age of French Drama Becomes model for all of Europe French Academies- sets a high standard

34. Versailles Most magnificent building in Europe Most magnificent building in Europe Displays wealth & power of Louis & France Displays wealth & power of Louis & France Used as home and place of gov’t. Used as home and place of gov’t. Housed nearly 10,000 nobles, officials and servants… keeps eye on subjects Housed nearly 10,000 nobles, officials and servants… keeps eye on subjects Ceremonies emphasized importance Ceremonies emphasized importance Also drains economy Also drains economy

35. Best of Times… Worst of Times France became standard of culture Made tons of $ but still spent more Fought too many foreign wars Looked to unite France & Spain Balance of Power? War of Spanish Succession Revoked Edict of Nantes.. Loses skilled workers

36. Think & Respond Would you consider Louis XIV a strong competent leader or a weak misguided fool? Do you hold him more responsible for France’s rise to greatness or its embarrassing collapse?