1. OLDIES BUT GOLDIES Samantha ALVES Julie LEMACON TES 3

2. INTRODUCTION Oldies but goldies... What there are the purest in the blues, what are its roots. Although the blues has been evolving with the time, the space, etc, the best stays the beginning of this genre during the slavery. In the first part, we are going to study the history and the origins of the blues. And in the second part, the last, we are going to see some legend's portraits of blues.

3. The history and the roots The blues comes from labour camps of Mississippi of the South of United States. Slaves sang to motivate themselves and think ohter things, forget their hard conditions of life. Their songs denunce indirectly their boss. Among the slaves, there were africans came from Mali who influenced the blues with a typical instrument : the kora. The kora is a string instrument, a mix of lute and harp used by Mandigo (people oh the west Africa). A lot of instruments of blues find their origins in the kora's music. For exemple, we have Toumani Diabaté who plays kora. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5SVAPvnR0oghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5SVAPvnR0og

4. So, the blues was born in XIX° in the States, more precisely in a region in shape of delta in the Mississipi that's why the first genre was the delta blues. The delta blues is played principally with guitar and harmonica. Voices are melancholy, feverish and passionated. Moreover, one of the most important origin of the blues is the negro spiritual. It's a sort of religious song center on the loneliness. These songs were sung in the camp meeting which were religious meeting.

5. This is a camp meeting

6. Generaly, blues expresses sadness and sometimes love's painfull. In the introduction, we said that the blues had evolved. It's why we find somes derivated forms as rock and roll, rythm and blues, jazz, bluegrass, rock music. Many singers have influenced musicians of nowadays as Charley Patton, Leadbelly, Blind Willie Johnson and Robert Jonhson.

7. Some portraits Robert Jonhson

8. He was born in 1911 in Mississippi. He was a blues man more precisely he played delta blues. Guitar and harmonica were the dominants instruments he used. He became to record his songs juste three years before his death. However, he was a legend and a model for artists as Jimi Hendrix, Bob Dylan, Brian Johns. His famous song is Crossroad recorded in 1937. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yd60nI4sa9A He died in 1938 with many reasons exlaining his death (alcohol, poison...). In 2003, the magazine Rolling Stone listed him best guitarist of the time. Today, many songs are taken again by musicians : Sweet home Chicago by Blues brothers, Love in Vain by Rolling Stone, Walking Blues by Eric Clapton.

9. Charley Patton

10. Charley Patton in Mississippi too in 1891. He was a guitarist and « the delta blues' father » who has influenced Robert Jonhson, Big Joe Williams and Bukka White. His prestations style were dynamique, extravagant. In his songs he talks about hard conditions in which live Black people in the South of USA. We are going to present you an extract http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YTAR8VHEpo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YTAR8VHEpo Some artists refer to « The Delta Blues' father in their song as Francis Cabrel in his song : Cent ans de plus in 1999. Charley Patton died in 1934.

11. Family Lomax John Lomax ( the father)Alan Lomax (the son when he's 19)

12. Jonh Lomax (1867-1948) and Alan (1915-2002), his son, were in prison to meet prisoners because these people were not influenced by the new style of music which arrived in United States. There songs were naturals and came from their heart, what they felt in prison. The Lomax recorded « work songs » which were destinated for the work of the slaves. Together, the have made every people know Leadbelly (1885-1949), singer and guitarist, who was in prison beacause he tried to murder someone. Leadbelly recorder a lot of discs in prison and his genre was Delta blues. John and Alan Lomax didn't simply meet prisoners, but they met other people, often black slaves. Alan Lomax discovered legends like Sam Cooke, Muddy Waters, Sonny Terry, etc.

13. CONCLUSION « Oldies but goldies » because they have influenced contemporaries artists, and many songs are taken again by musicians. What they expressed came from the roots, the land and the heart. Don't forget that most of them knew themselves, what enriched their musical culture. The fact that there were many different influences, the blues have transformed and have evolved during the siecles.