3. Important points about Salsa - Originated in the Caribbean, specifically in Puerto Rico and Cuba - The musical style “salsa” comes from combinations of other Latin musical forms such as “son”, “mambo”, and Latin jazz - Salsa as we know it today originated in New York City in the 1960’s and 1970’s - We cannot talk about Salsa music without talking about Salsa dancing.

4. Salsa has it’s roots in the African rhythms brought to the Caribbean by slaves in the 1600’s-1800’s. Styles such as Mambo, Son, Cha Cha Cha, and Rumba gained popularity in the United States after having been brought here by Cuban immigrants. (1930- 1960) Once these styles began to mix with the more modern influences of Soul, Rock, Pop and Jazz, the music that was born became known as salsa Why is it called “Salsa”????? Tito Puente once said “I’m a musician, not a cook”!

5. The principle defining instrument of the Salsa sound is the trombone. Other common instrumentation includes piano, bass, timbales, congos, trumpet and clave. Salsa works on a 4/4 time signature. This means that there are four beats played for every measure. However, one of the defining sounds of the rhythm of Salsa is what is called the Clave rhythm. Clave-the sound of salsa's rhythm

6. So, what are they singing about?

7. First and foremost salsa is a dance music. It’s purpose is to make you want to move. So very often the lyrics were not very important to song. It wasn’t until artists like Ruben Blades and Willie Colòn came along that Salsa singers began to introduce social messages into the song form.

8. The Maestros- Fania All Stars (Tito Puente, Ray Barreto, Willie Colòn, Johnny Pacheco, Bobby Valentin), Celia Cruz (La Reina de Salsa) Contemporary Salsero’s- Marc Anthony, Frankie Ruiz, Ruben Blades

9. Salsa is today one of the most popular dance forms in the world. One can find a place to go salsa dancing in almost every country on the globe. Salsa in Motion!!!!!

10. Lo mas importante It also originated in the Dominican Republic Some say it means a dessert made from whipped egg whites and sugar. It is unclear as to why this name became the name of the music maybe because of the movement on the dance floor

11. It was created by Francisco "Ñico" Lora in the 1920’s But it was popularized in the US in the 1950’s by Angel Viloria and his band Merengue became popular in the 1970’s Rafael Trujillo was one of the toughest dictators of Latin America and his campaign was based around Merengue He made merengue the national music of the Dominican Republic Songs were written about him

12. It’s a fast 2/4 beat rhythm The typical instruments used for merengue are accordion, bass guitar, guitar, saxophone, trumpet, sometimes trombone, tuba, tambora (a two sided drum) and a güira,which is a percussion instrument that sounds like a maraca.

13. Some singers are Juan Luis Guerra, Juan Luis, Sergio Vargas, Eddy Herrera, and the queen of merengue, Milly Quezada. Also Elvis Crespo, with his greatest hit “Suavemente”Suavemente In 1980 meruengue was so big it even beat Salsa in popularity

14. It’s a simple rhythm that anyone could dance to Simple right, left, right, left steps for each beat And don’t forget to move your hips You just step for each beat of the music its really simple and easy… Just watchJust watch

15. Lo que importa de Bachata -Bachata originated in the Dominican Republic and remains one of the most popular music forms on the island. -The word “bachata” has been said to mean “a party”, some say it means “trash”. Hmmm……. - bachata songs typically deal with romantic themes and the genre has it’s roots in bolero and merengue styles.

16. Bachata is a guitar dominated form that came about during the early 1950’s in the Dominican Republic. “Bachatas” were informal parties often in people’s backyards. People would bring their guitars and drums and improvise songs. The earliest Bachata songs were romantic tunes, not necessarily intended for dancing. In the early years of Bachata, popular radio was dominated by the sounds of Merengue and Salsa. Bachata was looked upon as a lower class and crude musical style and was never played on Dominican national radio until the 1990’s.

17. Bachata is played in a 4/4 “compas” or time signature, just like Salsa!! The principal instrument used is the guitar. In addition you commonly find drum kit/hand drums, bass, and additional back up rhythm instruments. Horns are rarely if ever used in Bachata. A second rhythm guitar typically accents the rhythm. Bachata is marked by a fairly quick tempo and a “tropicalia” type sound. Lets listen.listen

18. Some of the early greats include: Confesor Gonzalez, Luis Segura, Jose Manuel Calderon, Inocencio Cruz, Rafael Encarnacion, Rafael Alcantara. Indisputably the most popular modern Bachata group is “Aventura”. Check them out!!Check them out!! Some other modern Bachateros include: Monchy Y Alexandra, Luis Vargas, Frank Reyes, and Joe Veras.

20. The Bachata dance is considered a fairly sensual dance. I guess you have to see it to believe it… BACHATA

21. Important Facts Originated in Cuba Mainly popular in Cuba Began in the late 19 th century

22. Because of the African rhythm it gave black musicians not only money by performing but also allow them to enter a market. It began radio broadcasting in 1922 They started to call the style of music as Afro-Cuban After the Cuban Revolution, Cuba and the US separated, which son, mambo, and rumba music contributed with the development of salsa music in New York Late 1940 the original son cubano died down and a fusion of genres began Different genres derived from son cubano like mambo

23. In 1991 Buena Vista Social Club triggered a worldwide Cuban music BOOM! They make many original Cuban son classics And thanks to them they revived the original Son Cubana Also they help old son performers back onto their feet to continue the traditional son

24. It usually has a 4/4 beat he music is a mix of a Spanish guitar and song with African rhythm and percussion instruments Instruments used for Son Cubano are: Guitar, marimbula(double bass), trumpet, bongo, claves, tres and maracas In 1920 the piano and other percussions instruments were added

25. The first group known was the Cuarteto Oriental in 1916 Other artists that started to grow were Septeto Nacional, Arsenio Rodriguez, Beny More (Known as the master of rhythm),Rita Montaner “El Manicero”, which became a hit in Paris and elsewhere in Europe The Buena Vista Social Club which their most familiar with the song “Chan Chan”Chan

26. There is no special dance for Son Cubano So most people just dance salsa or rumba

27. The most important Tango music originated in Argentina and Uruguay in an area of the Rio de la Plata and spread around the world Tango comes from the connection of dance in thr1890’s but became very popular throughout society

28. Tango music originated from European immigrant populations of Argentina and Uruguay Tango dance influences from European and African culture. African rhythms and instruments from Europe The dance originated in the lower class districts of Buenos Aires and Montevideo. The music derived from the varieties forms of music from Europe. Early tango was played by immigrants Tango became very popular in the 1950’s after WWI and WWII

29. Tango was a 2/4 or 4/4 rhythm Tango music was played at a fast tempo Some of the instruments used for tango are piano, violin, guitar, flute, and bandoneon It is tradionally played by a sextet known as orquesta tipica, which includes 2 violins, piano, double bass, two bandoneons Earlier essembles that were part of it was a flute, clarinet and guitar

30. Some singers are: Gotan Project La Revancha del Tango Bajofondo Tango Club Tanghetto he made an album called “Emigrante” it is Electro Tango Some composers are: Astor Piazzolla Issac Albeniz John Harbison Erik Satie Igor Stravinsky John Cage Milton Babbitt Thomas Ades

31. By 1914 authentic tango stylings were developed The original tango is danced with long elegant steps Back then Tango was known as tango criollo but now there are many dance styles like Argentine tango, Uruguayan tango, Ballroom tango (American and International), Finnish Tango and Vintage tangos The styles are danced in either open embrace, where lead and follow have space between their bodies, or close embrace, where the lead and follow connect chest to chest https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ja76rfk8lZc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqfyhDeuX0w

32. There are: Tango Argentine Tango canvengue Tango Oriental (Uruguayan Tango) Tango Liso Tango Salon Tango Orillero Tango Camacupense (Angola) Tango milonguero (Tango apilado) Tango Nuevo (New Tango) Show Tango (also known as fantasia) Ballroom Tango Finnish Tango All of these are danced to several types of music: Tango Vals(tango version of waltz) Tango Electronico Milonga(a related dance with fast tempo)

33. The important facts Flamenco originated in Andalusia (Spain) It is a genre or music and dance that originated in southern Spain The word Flamenco means “Escapee Peasant” because it derives from Andulasian Arabic Fellah or meaning “gypsy” from the synonymous word flamec “Flama” meaning in Spanish llama which is flame or fire and “enco” which its suffix meaning having similarity of can express the flaming passion in Flamenco music, song and dance.

34. In the 18 th century Gypsies played a big role to Flamenco The singing, guitar playing and the dance were the main aspects Europe banned fandango and zarabanda dance steps because it was inappropriate/vulgar Gitano dancers are usually mentioned in Spanish music There was a disagreement whether Flamenco was accompanied by instruments in the 1760 Some say that Flamenco was originally sung first then later it was accompanied by a guitar, then hand clapping (palmas), feet stomping (zapateando), and last dancing (baile) Zarabandas and jaracas are the oldest written musical forms in Spain in a 12 beat metre In the 1860’s flamenco started to get popular In the 19 th century, society’s romance of flamenco began and composers across the continent wrote music and operas, which associated with the Gitanos

35. 12 beat ruthym or ¾ beat 1, 2,3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 1,2, 3,4,5, 6,7, 8,9, 10,11, 12 Flamenco music styles are called palos because Flamenco is also known to be the Gypsy Blues Instruments that are played are: Flamenco guitar, Classical guitar, palmas (hand clapping), cajon (box like rhythm instrument)and sometimes there would be a tambourine, flutes and saxophones, piano, bass guitar

36. Silverio Franconetti, a sailor of Italian descent was the first singer and opened his own café where he sang and invited artists to perform Some of the songs that were sang were El Loco Mateo, El Nitri, Rojo el Alpargatero, Enrique el Mellizo, Paquirri El Guante, or La Serneta. In 1922 Federico Garcia Lorca was one of the greatest writers and Manuel de Falla a composer organized a Concurso de Cante Jondo which was known as the Etapa teatral

37. Dancers and guitarists used to be trained through experience and upbringing. Now they are classically trained. Performers dance Performers dance to the singer, meaning that they follow the singers lead to determine their steps and rhythm Dancing Flamenco Dancing Flamenco is known for its emotional,and expressive use of their arms and also their emphatic and rhythmic stomping of feet palmas demo historia de flamenco

38. The important facts Originated in the state of Jalisco, in Western Mexico In the 18 th century Mariachi derives from French word meaning “marriage” because this genre was always played at a wedding

39. The original mariachis were Mexican street musicians The musicians usually wear silver-studded charro outfits with wide-brimmed hats Mariachi is important to mexican culture because it was created during the colonial era and spread during the nationalist era That is how El Grito Mexicano became knownEl Grito Mexicano Professionals usually play more than one instrument and they all can sing Sometimes mariachis accompany ranchera singers Ranchera singers dress in charro outfits but are not considered part of a mariachi El Grito Mexicano was noticed by the mariachi

40. It is an all string instrument group There are many forms of mariachi sounds there are 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, and 6/8 beats in metre Instruments that are played for it to be a mariachi are: Violin, guitarron, guitarra de golpe, vihuela, guitar, trumpet, and sometimes a harp or even a flute Since 1970 some singers have added other instruments like accordion, organ, keyboard, harmonica, saxophone, and even drums The last few years singers have made fusions of mariachi with orchestra and percussion making Mariachi/pop combination A complete Mariach must have 8 violins, 2 trumpets, a guitar, a vihuela, and a guitarron An accordian player is not considered a mariachi but a tejano

41. Mariachis and artists: Pedro Infante Vicente Fernandez-He is 71 years old but he still can sing loud and clear check it outcheck it out And you should get mariachis to sing for your birthday its awsomebirthday Pepe Aguilar- Por Mujeres Como Tu (slow song)Por Mujeres Como Tu Antonio Aguilar Pedro Fernandez- El AventureroEl Aventurero Alejandro Fernandez Ana Gabriel Los Temerarios Ramon Ayala Shaila Durcal And believe it or not Selena and Tu Solo Tu can see it for yourselvesTu Solo Tu

42. Dancing to mariachi looks like a lot of fun Female dancers wear a big, colorful dress Take a look at the dancersdancers Mariachis usually play at special events like weddings, quinceneras, or even Mother’s Day They also serenade women because of the romantic lyrics in the song

44. Cumbia is the product of cultural fusion of native Colombians, Africans, and the Spanish during colonial times The African influence gives the rhythm of the drums while the Indigenous based flute blends in the melody. The European influence provides some variations in the melodies, choreography and costumes of the dancers. Cumbia began as a courtship dance. African slaves brought with them the tradition of the males dancing in front of a potential mate while they pretended not to be interested

45. Compas= 4/4 Instrumentacion- The male flute or gaita macho which has one hole gives rhythmic and harmonic support to the female flute or gaita hembra which has five holes and carries the melodies. The mouthpiece of these flutes is constructed using hardened bees wax that has been covered in coal dust to seal it. A turkey feather is used to blow air through the gaita. Finally, the flauta de millo or millo flute has four to six holes, is a native Colombian instrument made from the millo cane and used to help carry the melody. Initially, cumbia was only instrumental and the inclusion of lyrics and vocals came later. Cumbia was popularized in Colombia during the 1950’s and 1960’s It should be noted that there is a significant difference between traditional cumbia and modern cumbia. Traditional cumbia-

46. Modern Cumbia uses clarinet, bongo drums, horns, piano, and accordion Cumbia was popularized in Colombia during the 1950’s and 1960’s Traditional/modern Cumbia Traditional cumbia- a little more modern La pollera colora