1. OSSLM Workshop, IIT Kharagpur Plaban Kumar Bhowmick Assistant Professor, Centre for Educational Technology Co-PI, National Digital Library plaban@cet.iitkgp.ernet.in 14/06/2016

2. Contributor Institutions Consumer Institutions Web National Digital Library IDR Educational Portals IIT Delhi IIT Bombay ISI Kolkata Khan Academy NPTEL MIT OCW

3. Metadata Acquisition Metadata Translation Index Creation Schema Refinement Schema Design

4.  Wide category of resources  Generic metadata or domain specific?  Openness of repository  Closed metadata standard may fail to describe a new resource  Scale is enormous  Manual annotation is infeasible  Automatic annotation guided by crowd sourcing?

5. NOT REALLY! “Standards” from XKCD by Randall Munroe http://xkcd.com/927/ OPEN VIRTUAL STANDARD

6.  Primary contents in NDL  School and college level learning materials ▪ Books ▪ Video lectures ▪ Spoken tutorials ▪ Assessment items  Research outcomes in form of ▪ Thesis, technical reports ▪ Research articles ▪ Data sets  Creative resources ▪ Paintings, architectural diagrams, handicrafts

7.  To describe any digital resource  Generic content metadata ▪ Contributor, Description, Language, Format etc  To describe domain specific resources  Educational content metadata ▪ Educational level, ToC, Type of learning material etc  Thesis metadata ▪ Institution, advisor, degree, researcher

8. Dublin Core LRMI Shodhganga (generic) (educational) (thesis) author date description language subject title type educationLevel pedagogicObjective typeofLM prerequisiteTopic difficultyLevel typicalLT board researcher keyword advisor place degree awarded institution department NDL Metadata

9. NDL Metadata Specification

10.  Implemented through Dublin Core Contributor ( dc.contributor ) Author ( dc.contributor.author ) Illustrator ( dc.contributor.illustrator ) Editor ( dc.contributor.editor )

11. Coverage ( dc.coverage ) Temporal ( dc.coverage.temporal ) Spatial ( dc.coverage.spatial ) Description ( dc.description ) Table of Content ( dc.description.tableofconent ) Abstract ( dc.description.abstract )

12. Identifier ( dc.identifier ) ISBN ( dc.identifier.isbn ) ISSN ( dc.identifier.issn ) URI ( dc.identifier.uri ) Bibliographic Citation ( dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation )

13. Subject ( dc.subject ) DDC ( dc.subject.ddc ) LCSH ( dc.subject.lcsh ) LCC ( dc.subject.lcc )

14. Relation ( dc.relation ) Referenced By ( dc.relation.isreferencedby ) References ( dc.relation.references ) Part of ( dc.relation.ispartof ) Has Part ( dc.relation.haspart )

15.  Language  dc.language.iso  Source  dc.source  Publisher  dc.publisher  Title  dc.title  dc.title.alternative  Type  dc.type

16.  Different alternatives  IEEE Learning Object Metadata (IEEE LOM)  IMS Learning Resource Metadata (IMS LRM)  CanCore  UK LOM Core  Learning Resource Metadata Initiative (LRMI)

17.  Objective  Help students and teachers quickly find relevant educational contents  Schema.org  Consortium of Bing, Google and Yahoo to make search more effective  Learning Resource Metadata Initiative (LRMI)  Initiated by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation  Co-leads ▪ Association of Educational Publishers (AEP) ▪ Creative Commons  Taken over by DCMI

18. Agreed hierarchy of resource types Agreed vocabulary Augmenting resources with m/c processible data

19.  Metadata schema for basic information about material on the web

20.  LRMI TWG identified three main areas of emphasis  Learning objectives  Audience  Intended Use  Learning Registry  Sharing of LRMI-style metadata  Facilitating exchange of information about learning resources b/w organizations and applications  Metadata statements can be made by entities other than content publishers

21.  LRMI TWG identified three main areas of emphasis  Learning objectives  Audience  Intended Use

26.  An alignment to established educational framework  Shared curriculum or syllabus  Shared framework of competency requirement  Set of educational levels  Set of learning objectives  Set of educational standards  Set of prerequisites

27. Aalignment TypeFramework NameTarget NameTarget URL teachesCommon CoreCCSS.MATH. CONTENT.7.RP.A.2.A http://www. corestandards. org/Math/Content/7/RP/ #CCSS.Math.Content.7. RP.A.1 assessesUK Standard for Professional Engineering Competence E1 Comply with relevant codes of conduct readingLevelLexile880L educational LevelScottish Credit and Qualifications Framework Level 10

30. Source: Steve Nordmark

31.  Teaches & Assesses  CCSS.Math.Content.8.G.A.3 ▪ http://www.corestandards.org/Math/Content/8/G/A/3/ http://www.corestandards.org/Math/Content/8/G/A/3/ ▪ “Describe the effect of dilations, translations, rotations, and reflections on two-dimensional figures using coordinates.”  Requires  CCSS.Math.Content.6.G.A.3 ▪ http://www.corestandards.org/Math/Content/6/G/A/3/ http://www.corestandards.org/Math/Content/6/G/A/3/ ▪ “Draw polygons in the coordinate plane given coordinates for the vertices; use coordinates to find the length of a side joining points with the same first coordinate or the same second coordinate. Apply these techniques in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems.” Source: Steve Nordmark

33.  OER platforms funded by Hewlett & Gates Foundation  OER Commons  Jorum  PhET Interactive Simulations  Gooru  Curriki  5 others

34.  Few platforms used LRMI as their native metadata schema.  Most used internal custom metadata schema and transformed to LRMI.

39.  The case of Educational Alignment  Alignment with some standard  Standard based education is prevalent in ▪ United States ▪ Common Core Standard ▪ Next Generation Science Standard ▪ Achievement Standard Network ▪ Europe ▪ European Standards and Guideline (ESG)  Standardization movement in India

40.  Type of learning resource  lrmi.learningResourceType Controlled Vocabulary ActivityEducational AppEducational game AudioPodcast Presentation BroadcastLesson Plan DiscussionTest Hands-onQuiz Lab MaterialMap

41.  Educational Stakeholders  lrmi.educationalRole Controlled Vocabulary Teacher Student Parent School Administrator State Administrator Country Administrator

42.  Educational use scenario  lrmi.educationalUse Controlled Vocabulary ActivityDemonstrationInquiry AnalogiesDiscussion/DebateInteractive AssessmentDrill & PracticeLecture BrainstormingExperimentalProblem solving ClassifyingField TripProject ComparingHomeworkReflection Cooperative learningReadingResearch

43.  Interactivity Type  lrmi.interactivityType  Controlled vocabulary: active, expositive, mixed  Time required to consume  lrmi.timeRequired  ISO 8601  Targeted age range  lrmi.typicalAgeRange

44.  Educational Alignment  Aligned to educational body ▪ lrmi.educationalAlignment.educationalF ramework ▪ CBSE, ICSE, UGC  Aligned to educational level ▪ lrmi.educationalAlignment.educationalL evel  Aligned to pedagogic objective ▪ lrmi.educationalAlignment.pedagogicObj ective

45.  Pedagogic objective  To explain working principles of series and parallel electric circuit.  Given a complex electrical circuit, analyse flow of current in different paths of the circuit.  To justify different astronomical observations recorded in terms of data.  To design an electric circuit given some specification

46.  Researcher  dc.creator.researcher  Advisor  dc.contributor.advisor  Date Awarded  dc.date.awarded  Author Keywords  dc.subject.keyword  Publisher  dc.publisher.date  dc.publisher.institution  dc.publisher.department  dc.publisher.place  Degree Type  dc.type.degree

47. How do we ingest contents? IDR Harvesting Manual Submission Institute 1 Institute N Automatic Crawling Portal 1 Portal N Metadata Annotation Metadata Translation Metadata Extraction

48. Login to NDL Choose Content Reference from ‘content- distribution.xlsx’ File Browse Community Structure to find the collection Populate Generic Metadata Click on submit new item link Populate Educational Metadata Populate Thesis Metadata Upload Content File Self Review or Edit Submit Skip this step for external resources Find Directory Structure from ‘content- distribution.xlsx’ File Browse Directory Structure Select Content

49. Portal With Service Endpoints Portal W/O Service Endpoints Pattern Matching and Language Processing Response Object Parsing SIP Generation Batch Submission Community/ Collection Hierarchy

50. Harvest IDR in Harvesting Server AIP Backup of Harvested Data Metadata Translation (Automated) IDR Specific Metadata Mapping AIP Restore in Live System

51.  Variation in subject classification standards  Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)  Library of Congress Classification (LCC)  Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)  Mapping terminology for different languages  Translate when equivalent terminology is present  Transliterate otherwise

52. Upload Content Set Extract Metadata Curate Metadata Create Repository Format Ingest in Repository

53.  Scema.org  http://schema.org/ http://schema.org/  Learning Resource Metadata Initiative (LRMI)  http://lrmi.dublincore.net/ http://lrmi.dublincore.net/  NDL metadata schema  http://www.ndlproject.iitkgp.ac.in/ndl/header.php ?mname=Metadata%20Schema http://www.ndlproject.iitkgp.ac.in/ndl/header.php ?mname=Metadata%20Schema

54. Thank You plaban@cet.iitkgp.ernet.in