Questions From Reading Activity? IB Assessment Statements  8.1. Energy Degradation and Power Generation  8.1.1.State that thermal energy may be completely.

Questions From Reading Activity?

IB Assessment Statements  8.1. Energy Degradation and Power Generation  8.1.1.State that thermal energy may be completely converted to work in a single process, but that continuous coversion of this energy into work requires a cyclical process and the transfer of some energy from the system.  8.1.2.Explain what is meant by degraded energy.

IB Assessment Statements  8.1. Energy Degradation and Power Generation  8.1.3.Construct and analyse energy flow diagrams (Sankey diagrams) and identify where the energy is degraded.  8.1.4.Outline the principal mechanisms involved in the production of electrical power.

IB Assessment Statements  8.2. World Energy Sources  8.2.1.Identify different world energy sources.  8.2.2.Outline and distinguish between renewable and non-renewable energy sources.  8.2.3.Define the energy density of a fuel.

IB Assessment Statements  8.2. World Energy Sources  8.2.4.Discuss how choice of fuel is influenced by its energy density.  8.2.5.State the relative proportions of world use of the different energy sources that are available.  8.2.6.Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of various energy sources.

IB Assessment Statements  8.3. Fossil Fuel Power Production  8.3.1.Outline the historical and geographical reasons for the widespread use of fossil fuels.  8.3.2.Discuss the energy density of fossil fuels with respect to the demands of power stations.  8.3.3.Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages associated with the transportation and storage of fossil fuels.

IB Assessment Statements  8.3. Fossil Fuel Power Production  8.3.4.State the overall efficiency of power stations fuelled by different fossil fuels.  8.3.5.Describe the environmental problems associated with the recovery of fossil fuels and their use in power stations.

IB Assessment Statements  8.4. Non-Fossil Fuel Power Production  8.4.1.Describe how neutrons produced in a fission reaction may be used to initiate further fission reactions (chain reaction).  8.4.2.Distinguish between controlled nuclear fission (power production) and uncontrolled nuclear fission (nuclear weapons).  8.2.3.Describe what is meant by fuel enrichment.

IB Assessment Statements  8.4. Non-Fossil Fuel Power Production  8.4.4.Describe the main energy transformations that take place in a nuclear power station.  8.4.5.Discuss the role of the moderator and the control rods in the production of controlled fission in a thermal fission reactor.  8.4.6.Discuss the role of the heat exchanger in a fission reactor.

IB Assessment Statements  8.4. Non-Fossil Fuel Power Production  8.4.7.Describe how neutron capture by a nucleus of uranium-238 () results in the production of a nucleus of plutonium -239 ().  8.4.8.Describe the importance of plutonium - 239 () as a nuclear fuel.  8.4.9.Discuss safety issues and risks associated with the production of nuclear power.

IB Assessment Statements  8.4. Non-Fossil Fuel Power Production  8.4.10.Outline the problems associated with producing nuclear power using nuclear fusion.  8.4.11.Solve problems on the production of nuclear power.

Study the Following On Your Own  Degradation of Energy  Electricity Production  Energy Sources  Fossil Fuels  Fossil Fuel Mining

Introductory Video – 1 Generating Nuclear Power Generating Nuclear Power

Introductory Video – 2 Introduction to Nuclear Power Introduction to Nuclear Power

Nuclear Power  Induced fission reaction  Neutrons must be propelled into the material to start the reaction  Two released neutrons have enough energy to initiate reactions in other atoms

Nuclear Power  The number of reactions increases exponentially -- a chain reaction  Left unchecked, you have a nuclear explosion  We try to avoid that

Nuclear Power  Control rods absorb neutrons to limit the number available to start reactions  Raised or lowered to change the amount of surface area available for absorption

Nuclear Power  Uranium will not react if the neutrons are going too fast  The neutrons in the above reaction are going too fast  Moderators (graphite or water) surround the control rods and slow the neutrons down by providing a collision surface

Nuclear Power  Uranium must have a minimum mass based on its container that will allow reactions to continue without the neutrons escaping  This mass value is call critical mass

Energy from Nuclear Power Nuclear (binding) energy Kinetic energy (particles) Thermal energy (steam) Kinetic energy (turbine) Electrical energy

Other Uses of Nuclear Power

 Neutrons from a fission reaction can produce plutonium-239 (does not occur naturally) from uranium-238

Other Uses of Nuclear Power  Process turns non-fissionable material (uranium-238) into fissionable material (plutonium-239) that can be used as reactor fuel or nuclear weapons

More Information  Podcast On The Environmentalist Debate Over Nuclear Power  http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R20110401090 0 http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R20110401090 0  Radiation Exposure Chart  http://imgs.xkcd.com/blag/radiation.png http://imgs.xkcd.com/blag/radiation.png

Study the Following On Your Own  Nuclear Power  Problems with nuclear reactors  Uranium mining  Nuclear fusion  Solar Power  Hydroelectric Power Hydroelectric Power  Wind Power  Wave Power

Study the Following On Your Own Know The Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Type of Power Source!!!!!