1. Vision AP Psych 124-133

2. Transduction – converting one form of energy into another In sensation, transforming stimulus energies such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses that our brain interprets Energy to Light

3. Light Energy Wavelength determines Hue – The color we experience Intensity – the amount of energy in light waves, determined by amplitude. Hue and intensity determine color

4. The Eye Cornea – The outer covering of the eye, where light gets through

5. The Eye Pupil – the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

6. The Eye Iris – Ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening.

7. The Eye Lens – The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to focus images on the retina

8. The lens changes shape to focus the light rays into an image on the retina Accommodation – the process of the lens changing its curve to focus light

9. The Eye Retina – the light sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing receptor rods, cones, and layers of neurons that begin processing visual information.

10. The Retina Receptor cells on the retina convert light to neural impulses that are sent to the brain. The brain turns neural impulses into an upright image. Rods – retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray. Needed for peripheral and twilight vision Cones – retinal receptor cells that are near the center of the retina that function in lighted conditions. Cones detect details and give color.

11. Rods vs. Cones

12. How Rods and Cones Work Lights stimuli goes to the retina

13. How Rods and Cones Work

16. The Retina Blind Spot – The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye creating a spot where there are no receptor cells (blind spot)

17. The Retina Fovea – The central point in the retina, around where the eye’s cones cluster This is the retina’s area of central focus, and the part of your retina you would use to see the clearest detail.

18. Foveal Vision Due to a high concentration of cones in the fovea, people’s eyes function best in the daytime and lit areas In the dark, cones allow us to see some, but because the rods are located on the away from the center, we can’t see as much detail in the dark Why do you think ski goggles are tinted a lighter color?

19. The Retina Optic Nerve – The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.