1. Blood Gas Analysis and Analyzer (BME Lab 2) Palestine Polytechnic University Engineering & Technology Collage Electrical &Computer Department Biomedical Engineering Program Biomedical Eng Lab (II)

2. Blood Gas Analysis how effectively the lungs are delivering oxygen to the blood and how efficiently they are eliminating carbon dioxide from it. how well the lungs and kidneys are interacting to maintain normal blood pH (acid-base balance). Blood gas analysis evaluates;

3. pH Acid Degree PO 2 Partial pressure of oxygen in blood PCO 2 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood cK Potassium Concentration NaSodium Concentration Glu Glucose Ct Bil Total Bilirubin Blood Gas Analyzer Measure the following Parameter Blood Gas Analysis

4. pH CO 2 + H 2 OH 2 CO 3 H + + HCO 3 - Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation pH = pKa + log [HCO 3 - ] [H 2 CO 3 ] pH = 6.1 + log [HCO 3 - ] [0.03 x PCO 2 ] pH = 6.1 + log 24 1.2 pH = 6.1 + log 20 1 pH = 7.4 [H 2 O + CO 2 ] [t x PCO 2 ] 1.3

5. statepH Normal7.35 - 7.45 Acidosis< 7.35 Alkalosis>7.45 pH PH value for Human Blood

6. PO 2 PH value for Human Blood State PO 2 (mm Hg) Normal80 -100 Hypoxemia< 80 Hyperoxemia>120

7. pH electrode is constructed of two half cells, which develop an electrical potential when connected together Reference electrode maintains a constant potential and is bathed in KCl Glass electrode (Sanz electrode) develops an electrical potential that is proportional to the amount of H+ present pH

8. Blood Gas Analyzer Block Diagram

9. Blood Gas Analyzer Calibrator Gas Chamber E1E3 E2 E4 w Pump High pH Low pH Standard Buffers Sample Probe V High O 2 Low CO 2 Low O 2 High CO 2 Display/Printer Microprocessor PO 2 PCO 2 Water bath 37 o C pH Reference for pH

10. Electrodes Principle operation

11. A - pH sensor B - reference half-cell C - combination pH electrode (A + B) d - seal e - internal filling solution f - internal reference electrode g - external filling solution h - pH-sensitive glass membrane i - internal liquid junction j - external liquid junction k - fill hole Glass pH electrode

12. Electrodes Shape in BGA Device

15. BGA Device

17. Blood Gas Analyzer BGA, BGE, BGA plus E Oximeter Tonometer Ion selective electrodes (ISE)

18. OximeterCO-Oximeter % Carboxyhemoglobin % Oxyhemoglobin

19. Tonometer

20. A new dimension in non-invasive patient monitoring Continuous real-time CO2 partial pressure measurement combined with state-of-the-art pulse oximetry in a single non-invasive digital sensor.

21. EasyBloodGas (MEDICA)

22. Common Problems with Blood gas /PH analyzers includes 1-Out-of-date buffer solutions. 2-No calibration gas. 3-Poor Flushing. 4-Not taking the time to properly warm up the analyzer. 5- Bad electrode.