1. Samatha & Vipassanā Meditation Course Introduction & Mindfullness of breathing Ānāpānassati 1 Teaching materials are based on “Knowing and Seeing” - a book by The Most Venerable Pa Auk Sayadaw May-July 2014 course @ Buddhist Fellowship Conducted by Venerable U Ukkansa Jointly organized by Buddhist Fellowship & Pa-Auk Meditation Center (Singapore) Slides are for internal use only. Last update: 01 July 2014

2. 2 “Namo Tassa, Bhagavato, Arahato, Sammā-Sambuddhassa.” “Homage to Him, The Blessed One, The Worthy One, The Perfectly Self-Enlightened One.” 礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者！

3. Ānāpānassati Mind-fullness of breathing 32 parts of the body Skeleton meditation White Kasi ṇ a & other kasinas. Re-develop 9 Kasinas until 8th Jhāna in this order: Earth, Water, Fire, Wind, Blue-Black, Yellow, Red, White, Light. * Space Kasi ṇ a: until 4th Jhāna only 9 Other Kasinas: Blue-Black, Yellow, Red, White, Light, Earth, Water, Fire, Wind, Space 4 Protective Meditations: 1.Loving Kindness Meditation 2.Recollection of the Buddha’s Qualities 3.Recollection of Death 4.Foulness Meditation 1. Nāmarūpa-pariccheda ñā ṇ a 4-Elements Meditation VIPASSANĀ SAMATHA 4 immaterial Jhāna 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th Jhāna 4 material Jhāna: 1st, 2nd, 3rd & 4th Jhāna Access concentration (Upacāra samādhi) 2nd 1st 3rd 4th Jhānas 2. Pa ṭ icca-samuppāda-ñā ṇ a 4. Udayabbaya-ñā ṇ a 5. Bha ṅ ga-ñā ṇ a 6. Bhaya-ñā ṇ a 7. Ādīnava-ñā ṇ a 8. Nibbidā-ñā ṇ a 9. Muñcitukamyatā-ñā ṇ a 16 vipassanā knowledges 10. Pa ṭ isa ṅ khā-ñā ṇ a 11. Sa ṅ khārupekkhā-ñā ṇ a 13. Gotrabhu-ñā ṇ a 14. Magga-ñā ṇ a 15. Phala-ñā ṇ a 16. Paccavekkha ṇ ā-ñā ṇ a 12. Anuloma-ñā ṇ a 3. Sammasana-ñā ṇ a Karuna Muditā Upekkhā Four sublime abidings (Four Brahmā-viharā) Mettā 3

4. 4 Right View Sammā-di ṭṭ hi Right Thought Sammā-sa ṅ kappa Right Speech Sammā-vācā Right Action Sammā-kammanta Right Livelihood Sammā-ājīva Right Effort Sammā-vāyāma Right Mindfulness Sammā-sati Right Concentration Sammā-samādhi Samādhi- kkhandha Concentration aggregate Samādhi- kkhandha Concentration aggregate Sīla- kkhandha Morality aggregate Sīla- kkhandha Morality aggregate Paññā- kkhandha Wisdom aggregate Paññā- kkhandha Wisdom aggregate THE NOBLE EIGHTFOLD PATH

5. 5 Right Speech - Sammā-vācā Refraining from lying, Refraining from slandering, Refraining from harsh speech, Refraining from useless speech. SILA-KKHANDHA – MORALITY AGGREGATE

6. 6 Right Action - Sammā-kammanta Refraining from killing, Refraining form stealing, Refraining from sexual misconduct,

7. 7 SILA-KKHANDHA – MORALITY AGGREGATE Right Livelihood- Sammā-ājīva For laypeople, it means to abstain from the five types of wrong trade: Trade in weapons, Trade in humans, Trade in animals for slaughter, Trade in intoxicants, Trade in poisons.

8. 8 Right Effort - Sammā-vāyāma Four kinds of Right Effort The effort to prevent the arising of unwholesome states that have not yet arisen; The effort to remove unwholesome states that have already arisen; The effort to arouse the arising of wholesome states that have not yet arisen; The effort to increase wholesome states that have already arisen. SAMADHI-KKHANDHA – CONCENTRATION AGGREGATE

9. 9 Right Mindfulness - Sammā-sati He abides contemplating the body as a body, with zeal, discernment, and mindfulness, having removed grief and strong desire/ greed towards the world. He abides contemplating the feelings as feelings… He abides contemplating the mind as mind… He abides contemplating the dhamma as dhamma… SAMADHI-KKHANDHA – CONCENTRATION AGGREGATE

10. 10 Right Concentration - Sammā-samādhi First Jhāna, Second Jhāna, Third Jhāna, Fourth Jhāna. SAMADHI-KKHANDHA – CONCENTRATION AGGREGATE

11. 11 Right View - Sammā-di ṭṭ hi The knowledge of suffering. The knowledge of the origin of suffering. The knowledge of the cessation of suffering. The knowledge of the way of practice leading to the cessation of suffering. PANNA-KKHANDHA – WISDOM AGGREGATE

12. 12 Right Thought – Sammā-sa ṅ kappa The thought of renunciation, the thought of non-ill-will, the thought of harmlessness. PANNA-KKHANDHA – WISDOM AGGREGATE

13. Ānāpānassati Mind-fullness of breathing 32 parts of the body Skeleton meditation White Kasi ṇ a & other kasinas. Re-develop 9 Kasinas until 8th Jhāna in this order: Earth, Water, Fire, Wind, Blue-Black, Yellow, Red, White, Light. * Space Kasi ṇ a: until 4th Jhāna only 9 Other Kasinas: Blue-Black, Yellow, Red, White, Light, Earth, Water, Fire, Wind, Space 4 Protective Meditations: 1.Loving Kindness Meditation 2.Recollection of the Buddha’s Qualities 3.Recollection of Death 4.Foulness Meditation 1. Nāmarūpa-pariccheda ñā ṇ a 4-Elements Meditation VIPASSANĀ SAMATHA 4 immaterial Jhāna 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th Jhāna 4 material Jhāna: 1st, 2nd, 3rd & 4th Jhāna Access concentration (Upacāra samādhi) 2nd 1st 3rd 4th Jhānas 2. Pa ṭ icca-samuppāda-ñā ṇ a 4. Udayabbaya-ñā ṇ a 5. Bha ṅ ga-ñā ṇ a 6. Bhaya-ñā ṇ a 7. Ādīnava-ñā ṇ a 8. Nibbidā-ñā ṇ a 9. Muñcitukamyatā-ñā ṇ a 16 vipassanā knowledges 10. Pa ṭ isa ṅ khā-ñā ṇ a 11. Sa ṅ khārupekkhā-ñā ṇ a 13. Gotrabhu-ñā ṇ a 14. Magga-ñā ṇ a 15. Phala-ñā ṇ a 16. Paccavekkha ṇ ā-ñā ṇ a 12. Anuloma-ñā ṇ a 3. Sammasana-ñā ṇ a Karuna Muditā Upekkhā Four sublime abidings (Four Brahmā-viharā) Mettā 13

14. Nāmarūpa-pariccheda Ñā ṇ a Paccaya-pariggaha- Ñā ṇ a Sammasana-Ñā ṇ a Udayabbaya-Ñā ṇ a Bha ṅ ga-Ñā ṇ a Bhaya-Ñā ṇ a Ādīnava-Ñā ṇ a Nibbidā-Ñā ṇ a Muñcitukamyatā-Ñā ṇ a Pa ṭ isankhā-Ñā ṇ a Sa ṅ khārupekkhā-Ñā ṇ a Gotrabhu-Ñā ṇ a Magga-Ñā ṇ a Phala-Ñā ṇ a 4-Elements Meditation Anuloma-Ñā ṇ a Paccavekkha ṇ a-Ñā ṇ a 1. Mentality-Materiality Analysing Knowledge 2. Cause & Condition Knowledge 3. Comprehension Knowledge 4. Arising & Passing Away Knowledge 5. Dissolution Knowledge 6. Terror or fearsomeness Knowledge 7. Danger Knowledge 8. Disenchantment Knowledge 9. Desire for Deliverance Knowledge 10. Reflection Knowledge 11. Formations-Equanimity Knowledge 12. Conformity Knowledge 13. Change-of-Lineage Knowledge 14. Path Knowledge 15. Fruition Knowledge 16. Reviewing Knowledge Earth Element 1. Hardness, 4. Softness 2. Roughness 5. Smoothness 3. Heaviness, 6. Lightness Water Element 7. Flowing, 8. Cohesion Fire Element 9. Heat 10. Cold Wind Element 11. Supporting 12. Pushing SAMATHA VIPASSANA 14

15. 15 Now you may know the name of the Vipassanā knowledges, have you experienced them? To only have theoretical knowledge is not enough; you must also practise with great effort to realize them. YOUR PRACTICE

16. SITTING ON HALF OF CUSHION

17. STRAIGHTEN YOUR BACK

18. You may place either your left or right leg in front. Relax your arms and place your palms in any comfortable position. PLACING YOUR ARMS AND LEGS COMFORTABLY

19. Relax your arms and place your palms in any comfortable position. OTHER WAYS TO PLACE YOUR ARMS AND PALMS

20. Relax your arms and place your palms in any comfortable position OTHER WAYS TO PLACE YOUR ARMS AND PALMS

21. THIS IS NOT A SUITABLE POSTURE

22. HOW TO DEVELOP MINDFULNESS-OF- BREATHING 1 st & 2 nd stage: When he breathes in long, he understands: `I breathe in long.' When he breathes out long, he understands: `I breathe out long.' When he breathes in short, he understands: `I breathe in short.' When he breathes out short, he understands: `I breathe out short.' 3 rd stage: `I shall breathe in experiencing the whole (breath) body': thus he trains. `I shall breathe out experiencing the whole (breath) body': thus he trains. 4 th stage: `I shall breathe in tranquillizing the body-formation': thus he trains. `I shall breathe out tranquillizing the body-formation': thus he trains. 2

23. THE MIND’S WAITING POINT

24. HE MINDFULLY BREATHES IN – SO SATOVA ASSASATI

25. HE MINDFULLY BREATHES OUT – SO SA TOVA PASSASATI

26. Also, don’t pay too much attention to the skin or touching point DON’T PAY ATTENTION INSIDE THE NOSE

27. RELAX YOUR JAW AND DON’T CLENCH YOUR TEETH

28. DO NOT USE YOUR EYES TO PAY ATTENTION TO THE BREATH / NIMITTA

29. WHEN HE BREATHES IN LONG, HE UNDERSTANDS: ‘I BREATHE IN LONG.’

30. WHEN HE BREATHES OUT LONG, HE UNDERSTANDS: ‘I BREATHE OUT LONG.’

31. WHEN HE BREATHES IN SHORT, HE UNDERSTANDS: ‘I BREATHE IN SHORT.’

32. WHEN HE BREATHES OUT SHORT, HE UNDERSTANDS: ‘I BREATHE OUT SHORT.’

33. ‘EXPERIENCING THE WHOLE (BREATH) BODY, I SHALL BREATHE IN:’ THUS HE TRAINS.

34. ‘EXPERIENCING THE WHOLE (BREATH) BODY, I SHALL BREATHE OUT:’ THUS HE TRAINS.

35. ‘TRANQUILIZING THE WHOLE (BREATH) BODY, I SHALL BREATHE IN:’ THUS HE TRAINS.

36. ‘TRANQUILIZING THE WHOLE (BREATH) BODY, I SHALL BREATHE OUT:’ THUS HE TRAINS.

37. 1.Concern (ābhoga): pay attention to, apprehend, advert the mind to the breath 2.Reaction (samannāhāra): continue to pay sustained attention to the breath 3.Attention (manasikāra): decide to make the breath tranquil, make the mind advert towards the breath 4.Reviewing (paccavekkhanā): review the breath, make it clear FOUR FACTORS FOR MAKING THE BREATH CALM

38. 1.A dead person 2.A foetus in the mother womb 3.A drowned person 4.An unconscious person 5.A person in forth jhāna 6.A person in the attainment of cessation 7.A Brahmā 7 PERSONS WHO DO NOT BREATHE

39. WHEN NIMITTA & BREATH BECOMES ONE

40. SHAPE & COLOUR OF NIMITTA ARE NOT IMPORTANT. STABILITY AND MERGING WITH THE BREATH ARE IMPORTANT.

41. The nimitta of ānāpānasati varies according to the individual. To some, the nimitta is: pure and fine like cotton wool or drawn out cotton, moving air or a draught, a bright light like the morning star Venus, a bright ruby or gem, or a bright pearl, the stem of a cotton plant, a sharpened piece of wood a long rope or string, a wreath of flowers, a puff of smoke, a stretched out spider web, a film of mist, a lotus, a chariot wheel, a moon, or a sun. THE NIMITTAS

42. Parikamma Nimitta Preparatory sign Uggaha Nimitta Taking up/ learning sign Pa ṭ ibhāga Nimitta Counter-part sign THE STAGES OF NIMITTA

43. Parikamma Nimitta Preparatory sign THE STAGES OF NIMITTA

44. Uggaha Nimitta Taking up/ learning sign THE STAGES OF NIMITTA

45. Pa ṭ ibhāga Nimitta Counter-part sign THE STAGES OF NIMITTA

46. BHAVA Ṅ GA Bhava ṅ ga is life-continuum consciousness Bhava ṅ ga consciousness rests at the heart-base Heart-base = hadaya vatthu Heart base situates around the physical heart area

47. Discern Nimitta inside Bhava ṅ ga CHECKING FOR BHAVA Ṅ GA Discern Bhava ṅ ga (mind-door) 8

48. Applied thought (vitakka): direct & place the mind on the counter-part sign pa ṭ ibhāga nimitta Sustained thought (vicāra): maintain the mind on the counter-part sign Joy (pīti): be liking for counter-part sign Bliss (sukha): be happy about the counter-part sign One pointedness (ekagattā): have one-pointedness of mind on the counter-part sign 5 JHĀNA FACTORS

49. 5 MASTERIES Advertence mastery (āvajjana∙vasī) Attainment mastery (samāpajjana∙vasī) Determination mastery (adhi ṭṭ hāna∙vasī) Emergence mastery (vu ṭṭ hāna∙vasī) Reflection mastery (paccavekkha ṇ ā∙vasī)

50. 5 MASTERIES 1.Advertence mastery (āvajjana∙vasī): easily advert to the jhāna factors where and when you wish. 2.Attainment mastery (samāpajjana∙vasī) 3.Determination mastery (adhi ṭṭ hāna∙vasī) 4.Emergence mastery (vu ṭṭ hāna∙vasī) 5.Reflection mastery (paccavekkha ṇ ā∙vasī)

51. 5 MASTERIES 1.Advertence mastery (āvajjana∙vasī) 2.Attainment mastery (samāpajjana∙vasī): easily attain jhāna where and when you wish. 3.Determination mastery (adhi ṭṭ hāna∙vasī) 4.Emergence mastery (vu ṭṭ hāna∙vasī) 5.Reflection mastery (paccavekkha ṇ ā∙vasī)

52. 5 MASTERIES 1.Advertence mastery (āvajjana∙vasī) 2.Attainment mastery (samāpajjana∙vasī) 3.Determination mastery (adhi ṭṭ hāna∙vasī): easily maintain jhāna where, when you wish and for the determined period of 1, 2, 3 hours or more. 4.Emergence mastery (vu ṭṭ hāna∙vasī) 5.eflection mastery (paccavekkha ṇ ā∙vasī)

53. 5 MASTERIES 1.Advertence mastery (āvajjana∙vasī) 2.Attainment mastery (samāpajjana∙vasī) 3.Determination mastery (adhi ṭṭ hāna∙vasī) 4.Emergence mastery (vu ṭṭ hāna∙vasī): easily emerge from jhāna where and when you wish. 5.Reflection mastery (paccavekkha ṇ ā∙vasī)

54. 5 MASTERIES 1.Advertence mastery (āvajjana∙vasī) 2.Attainment mastery (samāpajjana∙vasī) 3.Determination mastery (adhi ṭṭ hāna∙vasī) 4.Emergence mastery (vu ṭṭ hāna∙vasī) 5.Reflection mastery (paccavekkha ṇ ā∙vasī): easily reflect on the jhāna factors where and when you wish.

55. Applied thought (vitakka) Sustained thought (vicāra) Joy (pīti) Bliss (sukha) One pointedness (ekagattā) DISCERNING 5 JHĀNA FACTORS FOR 1 ST JHĀNA

56. DISCERNING 3 JHĀNA FACTORS FOR 2 ND JHĀNA Joy (pīti) Bliss (sukha) One pointedness (ekagattā)

57. Bliss (sukha) One pointedness (ekagattā) DISCERNING 2 JHĀNA FACTORS FOR 3 RD JHĀNA

58. DISCERNING 2 JHĀNA FACTORS FOR 4 TH JHĀNA Equanimity (upekkhā) One pointedness (ekagattā)

59. ACCESS CONCENTRATION & ABSORPTION CONCENTRATION 7 Access concentrationAbsortion concentration upacāra samādhijhāna samādhi five jhāna factors NOT fully developed five jhāna factors fully developed counter-part sign (paṭibhāga-nimitta) as object Pa ṭ ibhāga Nimitta Counter-part sign Very bright – like morning star

60. Ida ṁ me puñña ṁ Āsavakkhayāvaha ṁ hotu. Ida ṁ me puñña ṁ Nibbānassa paccayo hotu. Mama puñña-bhāga ṁ Sabba sattāna ṁ Bhājemi. Te sabbe me sama ṁ Puññabhāga ṁ labhantu. SHARING OF MERITS