1. The Innovative Design of Piezoelectric Heat Pipe Generator Professor: David. T. W. Lin J.C. Hsieh Student: Cheng-Feng Shen 1

2. Outline Introduction – What is Piezoelectric heat pipe generator ? – What is heat pipe ? – What is piezoelectric effect? – How it works? Purpose Mathematical Model Experiment Procedure & Apparatus – Results and Discussions Simulation – Results and Discussions Conclusion 2

3. Introduction In 1999, the steam momentum resulted in the mechanical energy is used first on the turbine and transfers to electricity in the heat pipe. The patent related to one kinds of the heat pipe generator with turbine is registered in 2008. 3 A. Akbarzadeh, et al.,1999 U.S Patent, T. Nguyen, et al., 2008 Background

4. Introduction When mechanical energy is applied to piezoelectric materials, positive and negative charges move to the opposite ends of the material and generate the electric power. 4 Heat PipePiezoelectric Materials What is Piezoelectric heat pipe generator ?

5. Introduction A heat pipe is a simple device that can quickly transfer heat from one point to another. They are often referred to as the "superconductors" of heat as they possess an extra ordinary heat capacity & heat transfer rate. 5 Heat pipe thermal cycle. What is heat pipe ? Working fluid is evaporated be the vapor absorbing heat quantity. ‚Vapor migrates along the cavity to condenser part. ƒVapor is condenses be a fluid and releasing heat quantity. „Working fluid flows back to the evaporator part. Evaporator AdiabaticCondenser

6. Introduction 6 Piezoelectric effect (mechanical energy to electrical energy) Inverse piezoelectric effect (electric energy into mechanical energy) What is piezoelectric effect?

7. Introduction 7 The utilization of the momentum resulted from the phase change within the heat pipe. When mechanical energy is applied to piezoelectric materials, and generate an electric power. Schematic diagram of the piezoelectric heat pipe generator. How it Works?

8. Purpose The purpose of study is to the innovative design of piezoelectric heat pipe generator in addition the investigation of the relationship between the velocity of the vapor and the vibration-induced electricity is done and prove this device is available. 8

9. Mathematical Model 9

10. Governing Equations 10 The velocity field and pressure for the liquid phase are described.

11. Governing Equations 11 The velocity field and pressure for the vapor phase are described.

12. Governing Equations 12

13. Governing Equations 13

14. Experiment 14

15. Experiment 15 The design of the cantilever beam.

16. Experiment 16 Case1 Case2 Schematic diagram of piezoelectric cantilever type. Fixed

17. Experiment Data logger Power Supply 17 Hot Wire Anemometer Computer The Schematic diagram of the experiment of the quasi-heat pipe generator. Digital Storage Oscilloscope Working fluid Heater

18. 18 Experiment Heater Container Fixture Nozzle Schematic diagram of the quasi-heat pipe generator The design of the quasi-heat pipe generator. Generator Part Heat Pipe Part

19. Experiment Digital Storage Oscilloscope Data logger Power Supply 19 Hot Wire Anemometer Computer The schematic diagram of the experimental system.

20. Results and Discussions 20

21. Results and Discussions Calculation 21 The vapor velocity profiles with the different heat source. Input Heat Mass Flow Rate Latent Heat Vapor Density Vapor Velocity Nozzle Area Error 4.12% 2.26 2.64 3.0 3.38 3.76 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.8

22. Heat sourceMax Output Voltage 100W237mV 90W224mV 80W175mV 70W172mV 60W128mV Results and Discussions 22 The resonant frequency of the output voltage in Case 1. Photograph of Case1 Case1

23. Results and Discussions 23 The resonant frequency of the output voltage in Case1. Case 1 Fast Fourier Transform 100W 90W 80W 70W 60W (60,32) (60,40.19) (60,48.8) (60,56.05) (60,70.71)

24. Heat sourceMax Output voltage 100W760mV 90W656mV 80W544mV 70W472mV 60W368mV Results and Discussions 24 The resonant frequency of the output voltage in Case 2. Photograph of Case2 Case2

25. Results and Discussions 25 The resonant frequency of the output voltage in Case2. Case 2 Fast Fourier Transform 60W 70W 80W 90W 100W (60,41.72) (60,58.07) (60,66.64) (60,79.19) (60,92.99)

26. Results 26 The RMS of output voltage with different heat source in Case1 and Case2. 166.67% 226.46% 271.96% 307.94% 292.06% 94.5 117 130 160 237 252 331 387 451 513

27. Simulation 27 The model is isotropic. Cantilever material:Copper Young’s Modulus (GPa)110 Poisson's Ratio0.37 Density (kg m −3 )8900 FE Model

28. Results and Discussions 28 The cantilever beam in deformation location.

29. Results and Discussions 29 The cantilever beam in strain location.

30. Results and Discussions 30 The cantilever beam in deformation location.The cantilever beam in strain location. Case1Case2

31. Conclusion The quasi-heat pipe generators is well built in this study. The electric power driven by the vapor is proved by this study. The relationship between the vapor velocity and piezoelectric power is well built in this study. 31

32. Thank you for your attention 32