1. CORSIK A

2. Voilà un rayon cosmique ! (Look, a cosmic ray!)

3. COsmic Ray SImulations for KAscade CORSIK A

4. D. Heck

5. 99.999% m! Why do we need Corsika?

6. Auger vs. IceCube High Multiplicity Large Area No Shielding Low Multiplicity Large Volume Ice Shielding

7. [GeV] ~E -3.1 ~E -2.7 After T. Gaisser, ICHEP02 10 6 eV to ~10 20 eV CR IceCub e

8. 0706.438 9 Muon s IceCube

9. CORSIK A ≈10km 1600 m 800 m center:1950m below surface ->UCR - >Photonics ->DOM Simulation ->MMC NuSi m

10. CR Primary CORSIKA (CR shower simulation) p/nucleu s air pion/kao n lepton/neutrin o gamm a Hadronic Interaction

11. CR Primary p/nucleu s air pion/kao n lepton/neutrin o gamm a Handled by main CORSIKA !!

12. Hadronic Interactions CORSIKA compile options FLUKA GHEISHA QMD DPMJET NEXUS QGSJET QGSJET II SIBYLL VENUS EPOS Low E High E “80GeV ” p, K

13. Production Asymmetry p N(n) u d s anti- “Forward” K-K- K+K+ N(n) -- ++ p

14. u d s anti- “Forward” -- ++ m nmnm ≃ 100% K-K- K+K+ 63.4 %

15. Muon Parents p±p± K±K± KLKL K+!K+!

16. Pions (ud) E(m)>400Ge V DSLOPE=-1

17. Kaons (us) + -

18. Atmospheric Neutrino Fluxes T. Gaisser, hep-ph/0209195

19. nmnm nmnm SIBYLL (good)

20. nmnm nmnm QGSJET (bad) K+→m+nmK+→m+nm

21. Good / Bad: Energy m n

22. Good / Bad: Zenith Angle Needs full detector simulation!

23. 0705.381 5 R. Birdsall, UW Madison MINOS

24. general IceCube

25. Ru n See d Had. Sim Output

26. ATMO D 13 = South Pole, October and OBSLEV

27. CR Composition

29. DSLOPE=-1: 1.71 CORSIK A “Poly-Gonato” RANPRI 2 DSLOPE limit!

30. SPRIC Option Cutoff at tens of PeV ERANGE 600 Protons, Helium and Iron

31. Spee d SIBYLL 3.128Hz QGSJET 3.025Hz here: DSLOPE=-1.45, E prim >600GeV, E m >273GeV DPMJET 0.102Hz QGSJET-II 0.093Hz EPOS 0.042Hz DSLOPE=0: Most EventsDSLOPE=-1.45(max): Best Spectrum

32. DSLOPE= - 1.45 ECUTS 273. Most Muons from Iron Inverted after weighting!

33. RANPRI 0 ESLOPE - 2.72 PRIMPAR 14 One Primary Type Specified PL Index Primary Type (here:p) Add them together separately Work in Progress Composition/High-E Studies

34. FLUXSUM = 1.05042094 per meter2 second sr Depends on: [E min, E max ] DSLOPE Composition Primary Particle Flux: w ev =E prim DSLOPE *F*10 -3*DSLOPE *10 - 4 /N prim Individual event NSHOW*N file s m 2 - >cm 2 TeV->GeV Normalization

35. tray.AddModule("I3CorsikaWeightModule","corsikaweight")( ("nevents",10000000), # number of showers generated in CORSIKA ("spectrumtype",2), # the RANPRI parameter in CORSIKA steering file (Hoerandel spectrum) ("cylinderlength",1400*I3Units.meter), # the generation cylinder length as in -LENGTH=1400 above ("cylinderradius",700*I3Units.meter), # the generation cylinder radius as in -RADIUS=700 above ("fluxsum",0.131475115), # the energy-integrated spectrum calculated by CORSIKA ("energyprimarymin",600.*I3Units.GeV), # the minimum energy as from ERANGE in CORSIKA steering file ("energyprimarymax",100000000000.*I3Units.GeV), # the maximum energy as from ERANGE in CORSIKA steering file ) FLUXSU M =Rate ! +Volume IceSi m

36. 100 m Shower Size

37. Multiplicit y >1000 m/event (≈1/min)

38. g m =g m0 +g mult +g CR +1 dN m /dE m =(dN m /dE m ) 0 *dN m /dE CR *∫(dN CR /dE CR )d E CR -2.6 Monoenergetic Primary +.8 Multiplicit y -2.7 = -3.5 Energy Spectrum Power Law: cx g

39. 1/h 1/d QED Slope: 2.5

40. Dense air (vertical, summer): short mean free path, more reinteractions, less energetic muons Thin air (horizontal, winter): long mean free path, fewer reinteractions, more energetic muons Spectral Variations

41. F2K Header: Muon Event # 17, Run 100 Primary: 1496GeV Proton, 12.4° Secondary: 279GeV m - End Event

42. $I3_SRC/examples- simulation/resources/examples/UCRGenerator.py UCR in IceSim tray.AddModule("I3GeneratorUCR","generator") ( ("EventsToIssue",nevents), ("UCROpts",ucropts)) UCROpts = /home/berghaus/offline/build/bin/ucr-icetray-ucr /net/local/icecube/i3tools/RHEL4-x86_64/test-data/icesim-corsika/F2K010001.gz -oms -over=1 -SHOWERS=10000000 -FLUXSUM=0.131475115 -LENGTH=1200 -RADIUS=600 -DEPTH=1945 -HEIGHT=2834 -EARTHR=6.4e6 -DCORR=35 -cutfe=400. -curved=4 -cutth=85 -tr=2 executabl e F2K file module: ucr- icetray

43. -out=[NAME] change output file to NAME -tr=[NUM] output only events with # of tracks >= NUM -over=[..] oversample by this number, default is 1 -r = -randomize randomize shower core xy locations -c = -curved same for curved Earth's surface -curved=[1-4] different curved surface treatment: 1: only downgoing primaries (th from 0 to 90 deg.) 2: only upgoing primaries (th from 90 to 180 deg.) 3: decide at random, either goes up or down 4: oversample x2 each event with th > cutth -phi = -rphi also randomize azimuth angle -cutth=[degrees] value used for -curved=4 -EARTHR=[radius] of the Earth [m] -LENGTH=[length] of the detector [m] -RADIUS=[radius] of the detector [m] -DEPTH=[depth] of the detector center [m] -HEIGHT=[altitude] of the ice surface [m] -DCORR=[correction] depth correction (35 m) [m] -trigw=[time in ms] assign event times and combine events that are within trigw ms of each other -rmpri remove primaries -rmusr remove user blocks -oms output only muons -ohm leave only muon with highest energy per event -msn leave only muon and neutrinos, delete others -cmt=[file] append comments contained in the file -run=[number] set the run number -FLUXSUM=[CORSIKA's value] per meter2 second sr -SHOWERS=[number] of showers generated by CORSIKA -rr remove possible previous xy randomization -rr=[DEPTH] and set the previous value of DEPTH -test [num] [theta] [phi] test xy randomization -cutfe=[GeV] angle-dependent cutoff energy for muons -corr enforce f2k compliance UC R Options: ucr-icetray-ucr - h

44. top (70 ° ) vertical bottom (85 ° )top (85 ° ) Threshold Energy

45. horizo n Angle-dependent Energy Cutoff before ucr horizo n after ucr

46. Prompt Prompt: No reinteraction Lepton Spectral Index - 2.7 CR Primary: Spectral Index -2.7 (below knee) Non-prompt: Decay probability before reinteraction a 1/g Lepton Spectral Index -3.7

48. Atmospheric FluxDiffuse Flux Motivatio n J. Hodges, UW Madison

50. DPMJET (2.55) NEXUS QGSJET QGSJET II SIBYLL VENUS EPOS Hadronic Interactions Charm? FLUKA GHEISHA QMD Low E High E “80GeV ” DMPJET

51. New DPMJET in CORSIKA Multiplicity ! 1 10 1 8

52. nmnm nmnm Prompt Neutrinos

53. Good Luck