1. Aseel Samaro Measuring Forces

4.  Forces are involved in some way in almost everything you do.  Forces are acting on your body all the time.  Some forces are huge, while others are tiny.  What examples of really big forces can you think of? Introduction

5.  Sir Isaac Newton is famous as an English scientist who lived in the 17th century.  His ideas helped people’s understanding of forces and are still very important today.  In recognition of his work, the unit of measurement of force is called the newton (N). Instruments called newtonmeters are used to measure force. Newtons and newtonsmeters

6. What is the unit of measurement for force? What is the correct abbreviation for the unit of force? What instrument is used to measure force?

7. What is the unit of measurement for force? newton What is the correct abbreviation for the unit of force? N What instrument is used to measure force? newtonmeter (or forcemeter)

8.  Newtonmeters come in different models for measuring different-sized forces.  In this figure, one of the newtonmeters can measure force to a greater degree of precision than the other one, but it cannot measure such large forces.  Selecting the appropriate measuring instrument is important for scientists.  Smaller divisions on the scale allow more precise measurements, but instruments with small divisions can usually not measure large values. Measuring with precision

9. What is the maximum value that each of the newtonmeters can measure? Which of the newtonmeters allows the most precise reading? Explain your answer.

10. What is the maximum value that each of the newtonmeters can measure? left-hand meter: 1.0 N; right-hand meter: 10 N Which of the newtonmeters allows the most precise reading? Explain your answer. The left-hand meter; because its scale divisions are of smaller value

11.  The weight of an object is the force of gravity pulling down on the object.  If there were no gravity then everything would be weightless.  Because weight is a force, it should be measured in newtons.  Weight can be measured using instruments such as newtonmeters and bathroom scales.  Both give a reading of weight because the object being weighed is pulled down by gravity. Weight, gravity and mass

12.  Mass is a measure of the amount of material in an object – the number of particles and type of particles it is composed of.  Mass does not depend on the force of gravity, so it does not change if you take it somewhere where gravity is not as strong, such as the Moon.  Mass is measured in kilograms.  The mass of an object can be measured using a balance that compares the object with a known mass.  Sometimes people mix up ‘mass’ and ‘weight’, so scientists need to be careful to choose which term to use.

13. Why do you think that some people confuse weight and mass? If you measured the mass and the weight of an object on two planets of different sizes, what differences would you notice? Explain your answer. Imagine a car crash on the Moon and the same crash on Earth. There would probably be no difference in the damage between the two crashes. Explain why this is the case.

14. Why do you think that some people confuse weight and mass? Ideas such as: people do not understand the scientific use of the terms; we say ‘weigh’ something when we mean measure its mass; when we weigh ourselves on bathroom scales the unit is kg, but it should be N. If you measured the mass and the weight of an object on two planets of different sizes, what differences would you notice? Explain your answer. The mass would be the same on both; because the number and type of particles do not change. The weight would be bigger on the bigger planet; because the force of gravity would be greater. Imagine a car crash on the Moon and the same crash on Earth. There would probably be no difference in the damage between the two crashes. Explain why this is the case. Damage is caused by the impact between the two cars. The mass of the two cars is the same on the Moon as on the Earth. Only the weight differs and this is a force acting downwards, which is not relevant in the impact

15.  If you were in free fall you would feel as if you had no weight.  In fact, if an object hanging on a newtonmeter were in free fall together, the weight reading would be zero.  But mass does not change (except when you grow!). Did you know…?

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