1. Lightweight Hardware < 128 MB Software Libre By Knut Yrvin 27 th September 2006 Foils to free use and publication with crediting the author Half thick clients, 100$ Laptop, mobile devices Skolelinux / Debian-Edu

2. More than 300 schools

3. ● A complete ICT-solution for the schools – network architecture out of the box – operational concept – digital user profile – OpenOffice and 75 user programs ● Presented in the pupils' mother tongue with the school's curriculum in mind ● Made for the school budget ● 1-2 hours to install and configure – Try that with RedHat or Windows Server Skolelinux/Debian-Edu is

4. Many principals have to choose between hardware or people. The headmaster says most of the schools have to pay expenses equivalent to one or two teacher positions...

5. Buy new hardware? The Municipality of Nittedal's choice in 2001: Since we don't have the money to buy new equipment, we have to stay with Windows 98 until 2008. After introducing Skolelinux in 2002, we have the money to buy newer hardware, since we don't have to spend it on Microsoft licenses. Only possible with Linux

6. Thick clients ● Newer reused computers with 450-1000 Mhz. > 128 MB RAM. Local hard drive. ● The client runs «everything». Video, usb-pen, DVD, heavy Java, games etc. ● Considerable software administration is required on each client The programs run locally and are administered on every client

7. FreeNX or Citrix? ● Must have a local thick client ● Client must have a graphical terminal. ● Runs user applications centrally ● Both local and centralised operation ● FreeNX needs half the bandwidth compared to Citrix, ● Limited bandwidth capacity. No decent support for sound and video Programs run centrally and locally. Double structure

8. Real thin client (stateless) ● Old PC's (133-233 MHz) without local hard drive ● The applications run on the server, and support sound. ● Thin clients just handle keyboard and graphics on the screen ● No local administration! All the programs are maintained centrally

9. Diskless workstation (stateless) ● Newer reused computers with 450-1000 Mhz, 256MHz. Swap on a local hard drive or over NFS/NBD ● The client runs «everything». Video, USB, DVD, heavy Java, games etc. ● As little administration as with the thin clients! The programs run locally but are administrated centrally

10. 100$ Laptop ● New 500 Mhz, 128 MB RAM. NO SWAP, 512 MB Flash local hard (compressed) ● The client runs most small programs. Support for video, USB, sound, mesh net. ● Goal: as litle administration as with the thin clients! The programs run locally but are administrated centrally

11. Bloated vs Debloated ● Firefox 2.0 RC1 > 51 MB (VmRss) ● OpenOffice.org > 143 MB (VmRss) ● Edubuntu (Gnome) > 64 MB thin clients > 258 MB workst. Support 30-40 clients ● Konqueror (3.5.4) > 32 MB (VmRss) ● Koffice (1.5) > ? ● Skolelinux (KDE) > 32 MB thin clients > 128 MB workst. > 250 MB diskless clt. Support 50-150 clients 100$ Laptop < 128 MB RAM.

12. Light weight desktop < 128 MB RAM (no swap), 1,2 GB HD (flashdisk) No OpenOffice.org -> Koffice instead No Firefox -> Konqueror instead ● meDUXa desktop 5-11 year olds ● Skolelinux desktop 12-18 year ● University/Colleges Qt/KDE developer – Complete dev.tools Qt - Python, Ruby bind. Live-CD, installable CD, fast boot

13. Student projects, labs, curriculum Get the educational institutions involved Making all the source available wold transfer technology over to the developing world

14. How should we proceed?

15. Student project: Stopmotion

16. Classical PC arcitecture ● Supports media rich applications and National exams (a flash application) ● «One structure» for saving files and support services (server required at every school) ● Moderate bandwidth capacity. Less use of reused computers ● Must have newer hardware and locally installed software «Single» structures for running user applications ~150 EURO annually to operate every PC (Market price. Cost of hardware, network, licences or ICT officer excluded) > 100 client machines LT File / login locally WS Services centrally e.g. e-mail, web 2-8 Mbit/s ADSL LT = Laptops WS = Workstations

17. Centralized operation: FreeNX or Citrix ● Scarce support for media rich applications. National exams (flash application) have to be done on workstations ● To ensure local storage and Internet you need two structures for saving files and support services. (With Windows you need two servers at every location) ● Increased need for bandwidth. Less use of reused computers «Double» structures for running user applications ~240 - 550 EURO annually to operate every PC (Market price for huge installations. Cost of hardware, network, licences or ICT officer excluded.) > 100 client machines GT File / login locally WS Terminal server centrally 2-8 Mbit/s ADSL GT = Graphical terminals WS = Workstations

18. Centralised operation with Skolelinux ● Full support of media rich applications and net based exams with thin clients ● Runs thin clients (w/o hard drives), laptops, half thick clients, workstations etc. ● Reduced demands for bandwidth Full reuse of older hardware from 1995 and newer Simple structure for running user applications ~115 EURO annually to operate every stateless PC (Market price. Excludes cost of hardware, network, licences and ICT officer.) DW TC DW 1 x File- / Client-server WSLTDW LT Centralised services e-mail etc. 1-8 Mbit/s broadband > 100 work stations TC =Thin client DW = Diskless Workstation LT = Laptops WS = Workstations

19. Servers, bandwidth and clients 3 schools, 400 users and 150 clients at every school * Advantage: max. 60% of the machines is used at same time

20. Number of servers 3 schools. 150 clients and 400 users at every school * FreeNX or Citrix have limitations in supporting media rich applications.

21. Market prices annually Central operation and hardware MS Windows and MS Office licences are no included. Additional cost is ~37-38 Euro annually

22. Projected cost per PC in 2008 with doubling the amount of PCs Reduced cost for central operator: Skolelinux scales well