1. The ministry of Education and sciences of the Russian Federation Management of formation of area Odintsovo MOU gymnasium №14 PROJECT RUSSIA`S WAR (the war of my grandparents) Students of 9 «Б» form Pronin Dmitry The head: The teacher of English language Ignatyeva Olga Alexandrovna

2. The Great Patriotic War The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945- the fair, the liberation war of the Soviet people for freedom and independence of their country against Nazi Germany and its allies, the most important and crucial part of the Second World War 1939-1945. The war was a national character. The treacherous attack of Nazi Germany on the Soviet Union led to a broad popular circles striving by all means to defend the freedom and independence of their country. To protect the Fatherland climbed all the peoples of multinational Soviet state.

3. The non-aggression pact August 23,1939 was signed the Soviet- German non-aggression pact. On the German side it was signed by Ribbentrop, who arrived for this purpose in Moscow. The Soviet- German pact was concluded for a period of ten years. February 11, 1940, he was added to the Soviet-German trade agreement. Pact was signed after a long period of cooling of the Soviet-German relations, folding bilateral economic relations and armed conflict, during which the USSR opposed Hitler coalition in Spain and in the Far East, and has become a political surprise to countries such as England and France. Since the German attack on the Soviet Union June 22, 1941 agreement, as well as all the others, has become invalid.

4. Aggressive block Position in the world in the spring of 1941 was characterized by the complexity of inter-state relation, with risk of further scaling began in September 1939, the 2nd World War. Aggressive block the forces of world imperialism- Germany, Italy and Japan- to expand and strengthen, joined by Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria and Finland

5. Begin of the Great Patriotic War June 22, 1941, Nazi Germany invaded without declaring war on the Soviet Union. In 3 hours 30 minutes in the morning, when the Germans were prearranged signal «Dortmund», according to the Soviet border outposts and fortifications was suddenly suffered an artillery strike, but after a few minutes the enemy hordes invaded the Soviet Union. A large force of German aviation brought down thousands tons of deadly cargo on Soviet airfields, bridges, railways, warehouses, lines and communication nodes on the sleeping city. In the border areas of the country seemed a giant firestorm. For the Soviet people began a brutal, bloody and incredibly terrible Great Patriotic War

6. Defense of the Brest Fortress The heroic defense of the Brest Fortress became a bright page in the history of the Great Patriotic War. June 22, 1941 the command of Hitler`s troops planned to fully capture the fortress. As a result of a surprise attack the garrison of the Brest Fortress was cut off from the main part of the Red Army. However, the Fascists met fierce resistance of its defenders. Most of the defenders died heroically, they held until recently, went into battle without the weapon, understood that the die. For his native country, they were ready for everything.

7. Occupation of Kiev September 19, 1941 the German army captured Kiev, were captured about 665 thousands soldiers and officers of the Red Army. Subsequently, on September 29 in Kiev area began mass executions of civilians, mostly Jews. In the early days were executed 33 thousands people. During the occupation of Kiev killed 100 thousands people. After the occupation of Kiev, German troops moved towards Odessa and Sevastopol, capturing them after a while.

8. Siege of Leningrad German troops launched a major offensive, and August 30, 1941 the city was in the grip. 8 September the Germans cut the railroad Moscow- Leningrad, took Shlisselburg and surrounded Leningrad from the land. Began a bloody battle on the Pulkovo Heights and southern outskirts of the city. On September 9, Leningrad Zhukov arrived. Relieved of his command Voroshilov, he canceled all the arrangements for the delivery of the city.

9. Siege of Leningrad Began constant bombing and shelling. Was tightened heavy siege artillery, the Germans began to methodically destroy the city. During the blockade of Leningrad, the Germans brought down on 100 thousand. Bombs and 150 thousand shells. Was ordered to defend Leningrad to the last man. Fearing heavy losses in the assault, Hitler ordered a long- term siege. He said: "This city is necessary to starve. Cut all supply routes to the mouse there could not slip. Mercilessly bombed, and then the city will collapse like overripe fruit».

10. Siege of Leningrad Loomed terrible famine. Since November 20, the daily bread ration for the workers was only 250 g, for employees, dependents and children - half. According to the blockade, the ration of bread was a small, sticky, moist piece consisting of bran and a small part of the flour. Residents began to eat everything that could stifle hunger. To top it all out of order system of urban water supply, and water had to be taken from the Neva River and canals. Winter 1941 was unusually harsh. Lack of heating was a monstrous challenge for residents. However, despite the difficult situation, the inhabitants of the city took part in his defense.

11. Siege of Leningrad People worked in enterprises producing ammunition, military vehicles repaired. In late December, the grain rations became twice as much - by this time a considerable part of the population died. Hunger took the unprecedented scale. Cases of cannibalism began. Many residents have weakened, fell and died on the streets. In the spring of 1942, after the melting of snow in the city was discovered 13 thousand corpses. From starvation during the siege killed 642 thousand people.

12. Siege of Leningrad However, there are estimates that are actually lost higher - up to 850 thousand people. January 24, 1944 by the Volkhov and Leningrad fronts offensive was undertaken as a result of which was completely lift the blockade. In the city at this time have survived 560 thousand. Residents - 5 times less than at the beginning of the siege. 872 days and nights continued bloodiest and heroic siege in the history of mankind.

13. Battle of Stalingrad By mid-summer of 1942 battles of World War II and got to the Volga. August 23, 1942 German tanks came to Stalingrad. From that day the fascist aviation became systematically bombed the city. On the ground also does not stop the battle. Just live in the city it was not - it was necessary to fight to win. 75 thousand people volunteered for the front. But in the city people worked day and night. By mid-September the German army broke through to the city center, battles were fought in the streets. Fascists increasingly intensified attack. In the assault on Stalingrad involved nearly 500 tanks, the German aircraft dropped on the city of about 1 million bombs.

14. Battle of Stalingrad By November, almost the entire city, despite the resistance, was captured by the Germans. Only a small strip of land on the banks of the Volga still being held by our troops. Within 2 months in high secrecy at Stalingrad was created strike force. Courage Stalingrad had no equal. Many European countries conquered by the Germans. Sometimes they had only 2-3 weeks to capture the entire country. At Stalingrad, the situation was different. Nazis took weeks to grab one house, one street. In the fighting took place early autumn, the middle of November.

15. Battle of Stalingrad The Nazis were aware of the weakness of his side, but he did not anticipate that the Soviet command to be able to collect the right amount of troops. The destruction of the encircled enemy army was instructed troops Don Front (commander - General KK Rokossovsky). Since the German High Command rejected the ultimatum to cease resistance, Soviet troops crossed to the destruction of the enemy, which was the last of the main stages of the Battle of Stalingrad. February 2, 1943 the last enemy group was eliminated.

16. Significance of the battle of Stalingrad The significance of this battle is very hard to overestimate. The victory of the Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad was a major influence on the further course of the Second World War. She stepped up the fight against the fascists in all European countries. As a result of this victory, the German side has ceased to dominate. German army suffered huge losses. Soviet soldiers fought for every street, threw enemy troops, died defending their homeland until the end, understood that they had to defend their country from fascism, to live on this earth, we are today and the next generation in the future. We must remember and appreciate it.

17. Patriotic sentiment against Germany During the struggle against fascism in 1941- 1945 the Russian people through their love of country was the patriotic spirit which helped them in difficult times, so the soldiers of the Red Army fought in the battles to the end. To maintain the spirit of the soldiers, in order to let him know that Homeland hopes on him, that behind him stands his ground, were invented patriotic anti-fascist posters since 1941.

18. Second front From the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet leadership confronted the US and UK issue of the imminent opening of the Anglo- American forces a second front in Western Europe. Allied landing in France led to the reduction of losses of the Red Army and the civilian population, the rapid expulsion of the enemy from the occupied areas. At some stages of the fighting in 1941 - 1943 years. issue a second front for the Soviet Union had a critical value. At the same time, the timely opening of hostilities in the West could significantly accelerate the defeat of the fascist bloc, shorten the duration of the Second World War. However, Western leaders question of a second front was largely a matter of implementation of their strategy.

19. Second front During the talks, the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs VM Molotov Prime Minister Winston Churchill and US President Franklin D. Roosevelt in May-June 1942, an agreement was reached on the establishment of a second front in Western Europe in 1942. However, soon after the talks, Western leaders have decided to revise their previous commitments and postpone the opening Second Front June 6, 1944 advanced units of the Americans, the British and the Canadians entered the land of Normandy. Simultaneously with the release into the sea from bases in the UK armada of warships and "boats" Allied aircraft brought down thousands of tons of bombs on the positions of artillery batteries, airfields, headquarters, hubs opponent, outlining the landing area.

20. Second front Norman operation was carried out in two stages: Operation "Neptune" - the code name of the initial phase of Operation "Overlord" - began June 6, 1944 (the date is also known as "D-Day"), ended July 1, 1944. Its purpose was to gain foothold on the continent, which lasted until July 25; Operation "Cobra" - a breakthrough and offensive in France was carried out immediately after the end of the allies of the first operation ("Neptune"). Together with the 15 August to the beginning of autumn, American and French troops successfully conducted Operation Dragoon, as a supplement to the Normandy operation. Further, in carrying out these operations, the Allied troops advancing from the north and the south of France, joined and continued to advance to the German border, freeing up almost the entire territory of France. Battle for Normandy continued for more than two months and was based, retention and expansion of beachheads allied forces. It ended in the liberation of Paris and the fall Falezskogo boiler at the end of August 1944.

21. Capture of Berlin The final battle in the Great Patriotic War was the Battle for Berlin, or Berlin strategic offensive operation, which took place from April 16 to May 8, 1945. April 16 at 3:00 local time began air and artillery training in the area of ​​the 1st Byelorussian and the 1st Ukrainian Front. After its completion included 143 spotlights to blind the enemy, and the attack went infantry, supported by tanks. Without encountering strong opposition, she progressed to 1.5-2 km. However, the further advanced our troops, the stronger grew the enemy's resistance. Troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front carried out a rapid maneuver on the exit to Berlin from the south and west. April 25 troops of the 1st Ukrainian and 1st Byelorussian Fronts joined West Berlin, completing the encirclement of the whole of the Berlin grouping. The elimination of the Berlin enemy group in the city itself lasted until May 2nd. Sturm had to take every street and house. April 29 began fighting for the Reichstag, the mastery of which was placed on the 79 Infantry Corps 3rd Shock Army of the 1st Belorussian Front.

22. Capture the Reichstag April 29, 1945 the first battles took place in the surrounding neighborhoods and the Reichstag inexorably approaching the citadel and symbol of German power. Each meter closer to the building, surrounded by a massive high-rise buildings, the deepest dungeons, protected by the majestic River Spree from the north and Landwehr kanaloma from the south and turned in the grip of the Nazis in a powerful center of resistance was conjugate with enormous difficulties. But the end of the III Reich inexorably approaching... The Banner rearranged three times: first at the entrance, then on the second floor loophole, alternately protecting it from the Germans, who could "snitch" it at any time, and, in the end, placed it on the roof, pierced by a bullet stuck in the side figure horse. After the final release of Reichstag and Berlin, followed the end of bloody war.

23. Victory in Great Patriotic War Thanks to great courage, perseverance and love of country our soldiers, due to their hope and fortitude, the Soviet Union heroically won a landslide victory over the German war machine and liberated Europe from fascism. Memory of this victory we must pass on from generation to generation, we must remember that people are makes impossible for us.