1. S IXTH G RADE SOL 6.5 & 6.7 Water and its roles in the natural and human- made environment

2. W ATER Water is the only compound that commonly exists in all three states (solid, liquid, gas) on Earth. The unique properties of water are a major factor in the ability of our planet to sustain life. The addition of heat is responsible for water changing from the solid state to the liquid state and finally to the gaseous state. Removing heat will reverse the process.

4. W ATER ’ S DENSITY Liquid water has a density of 1.0 g/ml Cold water is denser than warm water From 4° to 0° ice expands about 9%, this accounts for the force of ice in nature 0-100 C water is in the liquid phase Solid water is less dense that liquid water

5. ADHESIVE AND COHESIVE PROPERTIES OF WATER. Water is attracted to other water. This is called cohesion. Water can also be attracted to other materials. This is called adhesion. Surface tension is the cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAY3yISf-24

6. W ATER M OLECULE When a water molecule is slightly negative and another water molecule is slightly positive they can stick to each other Individual water molecules, therefore, attract other water molecules like little magnets as the slightly positive portion of a water molecule is attracted to the slightly negative portion of an adjacent water molecule.

8. LAB TIME

9. U NIVERSAL S OLVENT A large number of substances will “dissolve” in water. For this reason, water is often called the universal solvent.

10. W ATER AND ENERGY Water is able to absorb heat energy without showing relatively large changes in temperature.

11. W ATER AND CLIMATE Large bodies of water act to moderate the climate of surrounding areas by absorbing heat in summer and slowly releasing that heat in the winter. The climate near large bodies of water is slightly milder than areas without large bodies of water.

12. W ATERS CHANGING STATES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

13. G LOBAL W ARMING

14. W EATHERING Freezing water can break rock without changing any minerals that make the rock (Physical weathering) makes sand. Water with dissolved gases and other chemicals causes the minerals in rocks to change (chemical weathering). Both of these affect the environment.

16. M INI L AB

17. T HE EARTH ’ S WATER Most of Earth’s water is salt water in the oceans (97 percent). Available non-frozen, fresh water makes up less than 1 percent of the water on Earth.

18. W HERE IS ALL THE EARTH ’ S WATER Water occurs on Earth in oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, and in rock layers underground called aquifers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNWAerr_xEE

19. A LARGE AMOUNT OF WATER IS ALSO FOUND IN THE BODIES OF LIVING THINGS.

21. T HE FIRST SETTLERS The first human settlements were established near springs, rivers, and lakes. Reliable fresh water sources and irrigation systems allowed civilizations to grow and flourish.

22. A S CITIES GREW, DIFFERENT STRATEGIES ( TUNNELS, AQUEDUCTS, WELLS, CISTERNS, PUMPS, RESERVOIRS ) WERE EMPLOYED TO COLLECT WATER

23. M AKING OF ELECTRICITY WITH WATER After watching the video clip summarize how water can be changed to electricity. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jh_wUV1ZOCQ

24. W ATER T REATMENT In the past, streams and rivers were often used to dispose of human waste, and open sewers were common. During the mid-1800s, public health officials recognized the connection between disease outbreaks and contamination of public wells and drinking water. Advances in water treatment and sanitary sewers have helped eliminate diseases associated with human waste.

25. E COSYSTEMS Abiotic = NOT LIVING Abiotic factors determine ecosystem type and its distribution of plants and animals as well as the usage of land by people. Abiotic factors include water supply, topography, landforms, geology, soils, sunlight, and air quality/O 2 availability. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =aYmdrJWLQ4Y

26. A N ECOSYSTEM IS MADE UP OF THE LIVING COMMUNITY AND THE NONLIVING FACTORS THAT AFFECT IT. The health of an ecosystem is directly related to water quality.

27. H UMAN ACTIVITIES CAN ALTER ABIOTIC COMPONENTS AND THUS ACCELERATE OR DECELERATE NATURAL PROCESSES People can affect the rate of natural erosion. Plowing cropland can cause greater erosion, while planting trees can prevent it. Flood protection/wetland loss is another example.

28. W HICH FITS EACH WORD ? Organism, population, community, biotic, abiotic

29. W ATERSHEDS A watershed is the land that water flows across or through on its way to a stream, lake, wetland, or other body of water. Areas of higher elevations, such as ridgelines and divides, separate watersheds.

30. V IRGINIA ’ S W ATERSHEDS The three major regional watersheds systems in Virginia lead to the Chesapeake Bay, the North Carolina sounds, or the Gulf of Mexico.

31. R IVER SYSTEMS River systems are made up of tributaries of smaller streams that join along their courses. Rivers and streams generally have wide, flat, border areas, called flood plains, onto which water spills out at times of high flow.

32. A C B D

33. W ETLANDS Wetlands form the transition zone between dry land and bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, or bays. Both tidal and non-tidal wetlands perform important water quality functions, including regulating runoff by storing flood waters; reducing erosion by slowing down runoff; maintaining water quality by filtering sediments, trapping nutrients, and breaking down pollutants; and recharging groundwater. They also provide food and shelter for wildlife and fish and nesting and resting areas for migratory birds.

35. ESTUARIES Estuaries perform important functions, such as providing habitat for many organisms and serving as nurseries for their young. The Chesapeake Bay is an estuary where fresh and salt water meet and are mixed by tides. It is the largest estuary in the contiguous United States and one of the most productive. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htggO_ QOIEc

36. T HE WATER CYCLE

37. R AINDROP D ICE J OURNEY Write OR draw the story of a raindrop as it travels through the water cycle. Go online or to your apps and choose a dice roller. If you have dice at home take one from a game & put it back when you are done with it. All parts of the cycle MUST be clearly labeled and used at least one time. Roll the dice, look to see where your raindrop is in the water cycle and draw or write a fun, creative story showing it’s journey. ******************************************************** 1: Clouds: Water evaporates and condenses into a cloud 2: Soil: Water is absorbed into the ground OR in a puddle 3: Plant: It gets absorbed into the roots OR transpires 4. Body of water: Travel in any moving body of water 5. Animal: Your drop is either being taken up OR excreted from an animal 6. Glacier: Your drop is in a glacier. It can either melt OR sublimate to get free.