1. Social Studies 8 UNIT ONE: THE RENAISSANCE

2. Life in the Middle Ages Society was organized by social rank. A person’s place or rank in the hierarchy was determined largely by their bloodline. King’s believed they ruled by divine right, and the crown was passed down to blood relatives. Barons, Abbots and Bishops were a part of the noble class. Like Barons, Abbots and Bishops could be granted land by the king and as a result had just as much power as someone born into nobility. Freeholders (freeman) and serfs were part of the commoner class. Freeman were peasants of a higher standing who rented land from the king or worked for pay. Most commoners, however, were serfs who had very few rights. Crown Barons, Abbots and Bishops Knights Commoners: Freeholders and Serfs Feudal Hierarchy http://image.slidesharecdn.com/irmamedievalliterature2-140708171058-phpapp01/95/medieval-literature-literatura-medieval-22-638.jpg?cb=1404839658

3. The Manorial System The system of political organization during the Middle Ages in which the Lord owned the land and others served him. http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ui3oJdNt1rw/TdBT0gJK_5I/AAAAAAAAAE4/9jraNsZzi78/s1600/0377MC11.gifhttp://themiddleagesviz.weebly.com/manor-system.html

4. Serfs on the Manor A serf’s main task in life was to show obedience and loyalty to their lord. In exchange for their obedience, serfs were given housing and land. To stay on the manor, serfs were required to help their lord with whatever was asked and to obey the lord’s laws. For example: Build roads Clear forests Plant and Harvest/work the land Be married Have children Be Catholic Go to church Pay taxes Turn over a portion of whatever is produced Pay for their farm land http://historywithdanielm.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/9/9/13990686/9870136_orig.jpghttp://historywithdanielm.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/9/9/13990686/9870136_orig.jpg https://mrssevertson.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/medcottage_p226_b690.jpghttps://mrssevertson.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/medcottage_p226_b690.jpg http://cdn.playbuzz.com/cdn/dc38fc08-5a02-4b2c-814d-f2bcac2b49cd/8a03d21d-a9aa-4456-8108-2c47289ae334.jpg

5. The Black Death The Black Death was a widespread epidemic that is believed to have originated in the East and spread to Europe through sailors and travel routes.Between 1346 and 1350, nearly a third of the European population had succumbed to the Black Death. Interesting facts: If a person was believed to be infected by the plague, they would be locked in their house for forty days and nights. If they survived they would need to be issued a certificate of health to re- enter society. Very few people received these certificates. Those who were in a house with a person suffering from the plague when it was locked, would be bolted in with them, and a red cross would be painted on the door to alert the public. This was typically a death sentence for anyone inside, but those who could afford it had food and treatments brought to them by “nurses” and “doctors”. Bodies were disposed of on “death carts”, typically at night, and weeks after the person had passed in hopes of stopping the spread of the disease. Physicians wore long dark robes with pointed hoods, leather gloves, boots, and the most bizarre masks featuring long beaks which were filled with bergamot oil. Amulets of dried blood and ground-up toads were worn at the waists of the Elizabethan Physicians. It was their custom to douse themselves with vinegar and chew angelica before approaching a victim. http://www.william- shakespeare.info/bubonic-black-plague-elizabethan-era.htm

6. The Black Death Continued… Song http://www.delpiano.com/carnival/images_carnival_venezia/grev_medico1_w.jpghttp://www.delpiano.com/carnival/images_carnival_venezia/grev_medico1_w.jpg http://blackdeathinsite.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/6/8/18687738/9437239_orig.jpghttp://vignette3.wikia.nocookie.net/trollpasta/images/b/b7/Plague_doctor_hat_by_tombanwell- d6bzaad.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20141122131724http://blackdeathinsite.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/6/8/18687738/9437239_orig.jpg

7. The Black Death Continued… Outbreaks continued for the next several hundred years. Due to the decrease in population, the feudal and manorial systems were in chaos. As a result, many feudal estates went bankrupt, and there was a decrease in the number of people who could provide labour. Nobles who were able to hold on to their land were then forced to sell or rent their land to their serfs. This meant more freedom for serfs than ever before. Some serfs left the manor to find a better life in town, while others stayed on the manor, because manorial life was all that they knew – they had a roof over their head, security, and guaranteed work. Today, living in Canada, we have the internet, social media, the news, advertisements, radio, and more. We know what options are available to us, but in the Middle Ages people knew very little. Their worldview was very limited, so leaving the manor could be difficult and frightening. Those who chose to stay enjoyed better working conditions and higher wages due to labour shortages.

8. Serfs in Town After the Black Death, both men and women moved to town (urban areas) for better opportunities. Life for women on the manor was difficult. Not only did women have to cook, clean, preserve food for the winter, make clothing, and have children, they were also expected to work in the fields with their husbands from sun up to sun down. In town, a peasant could climb the social ladder by acquiring wealth and skills. Social ranking thus began to change, and a new and larger middle class emerged. Social mobility wasn’t previously an option. The class that a person was born into during the Middle Ages was the class that they were expected to stay in until their death, but not anymore. http://lifeinnassau.org/pb/wp_3307a11e/images/img178224b2cec4294d8e.jpghttp://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/lookandlearn-preview/B/B802/B802122.jpg

9. Serfs in Town Continued… Newfound freedoms that were enjoyed in town included going to school, being able to travel without permission, the ability to acquire wealth and goods, the ability to marry by choice, new career opportunities, and more. If a peasant had a skill such as shoemaking, they might open a shop and sell shoes. If a peasant did not possess a skill, they could work as a servant or labourer for a wealthy merchant, or they could learn a trade. To learn a trade, a peasant would first have to become an apprentice. To become an apprentice, a peasant would have to find a master of a trade who take them on, they would have to pay the master a large sum of money, and do the masters grunt work, typically for a period of 7 years. After this time, an apprentice could become a journeyman. A journeyman was a certified tradesman who worked for a daily wage and could eventually become a master tradesman. After many years of studying and practice as a journeyman, a peasant could become a master tradesman and open their own shop. With so many tradesman emerging, guilds also prospered. Guilds ensured that standards for goods and training were met and that workers were protected. For example, if a tradesman was unable to work, their guild would look after them. Guilds are similar to unions today. http://timelines.tv/britSoc/pictureViewer/mod3PvPic3.jpghttp://timelines.tv/britSoc/pictureViewer/mod3PvPic3.jpg http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/3 -locksmith-medieval-tradesmen-science-source.jpghttp://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/3 https://img0.etsystatic.com/054/1/7893465/il_340x270.732427314_a2a2.jpg

10. Challenges to the Feudal System As we’ve seen, the Black Death sent the feudal system into chaos, but prior to this, peasants had already begun to revolt. Peasants in the manorial system could be expected to fight wars that they knew nothing about or pay taxes to finance wars. The Hundred Years War lasted over a century and devastated much of the French and English countryside. Land and crops were destroyed, and yet peasants were expected to produce more in order to pay higher taxes. Eventually, peasants began to revolt in favour of a new system of government. http://trooperworld.wdfiles.com/local--files/basi-rebellion-of-1729/Revolt.jpg

11. A Religious Society https:// itsaboutlincoln.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/cathedral-from-the-west-1742-baker.jpghttps:// itsaboutlincoln.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/cathedral-from-the-west-1742-baker.jpg http://www.paintedchurch.org/chald1.jpg Religion in Europe during the Middle Ages was the most important factor in a person’s life. For this reason, Cathedrals were typically the tallest, most prominent buildings. Furthermore, religion was frequently used to explain the world’s mysteries. For example, the Black Death was believed by some to be a punishment from God. Similar to the feudal hierarchy, in the church hierarchy, everyone had a particular position that came with certain responsibilities. Ex: parishioners had to pay a tithe to their priest, and in return priests performed religious services such as baptisms. Pope Archbishops Bishops Priests Parishioners Church Hierarchy

12. A New Age In the early Middle Ages society was rigidly structured. This began to change as wars, revolts, and disease spread across Europe. As town life exploded and earthy possessions gained importance, a period of great creativity in the arts and sciences began to flourish. People began to study classical works from Ancient Greece and Rome. These works typically took a humanist approach (each person has value) which contrasted the utilitarian (best for all) society of Middle Ages. This re-emergence of ancient beliefs and values eventually became know as the Renaissance. The term was coined by French historian Jules Michelet, but actually began in Italy. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Vitrail_Cath%C3%A9drale_Troyes_150208_01.jpg http://italianrenaissanceresources.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2012/12/RP_471.jpg

13. Review Slide What effect did the Black Death (BD) have on the European population? The system in which people are ranked based on importance is? The system in which the lord owned the land and all others served him is? What dominated a serf’s life on the manor? How was life in town different for serfs? TorF: a freeman couldn’t leave the manor, but a serf could. TorF: Freeman were slightly higher in society than serfs. Was life in town more or less difficult for men and women in the serf class? TorF: Social mobility + the middle class decreased as urban areas increased. Could serfs own land before the BD? Yes (Y) or No (N) and Why? What are 3 negative effects of the BD. What are 3 positive effects of the BD. What are 6 things a serf might have to do to live on a manor. After the BD, why did some serfs choose to move to town (2 reasons). What type of organization sets standards for workers and goods/products? The above organization is similar to today’s _______________. TorF: Medieval cathedrals were the largest buildings for military reasons. After the BD, why did some serfs choose to stay on the manor (2 reasons). Why might leaving a manor be easier for a serf today than in the Middle Ages? List the people in the church hierarchy from top to bottom. List the people in the feudal hierarchy from top to bottom. REVIEW ALL TERMS STUDIED IN CLASS. Major decrease in population, up to 2/3 died Hierarchy Manorialism (similar to feudalism) Obedience and service to the lord Freedom: travel, education, marriage, wealth False: Serfs had very few rights and freedoms True: a Freeman rented land or worked for pay Less for both: better opportunities, more freedom False: serfs gained wealth + higher status in town N: serfs were loaned land in xchnge of taxes/goods Death, labour shortages, pop. decrease, bankruptcy Higher wages, freedoms, class mobility, own land Marry, kids, tax, clear forests, plant, church, roads Jobs, wealth, freedom, education, entertainment Guilds Unions F: it was because of their religious importance What they knew, house, guaranteed job, security Today we know what exists beyond – technology Pope, Archbishops, Bishops, Priests, Parishioners Crown, Bishops/Barons/Abbots, Knights, Commoners: serfs/freeholders