1. Weathering: the process that breaks down rock and other substances on Earth’s surface

2. types of weathering: 1) mechanical weathering- rock is physically broken down into smaller pieces Examples: a) freezing and thawing- water seeps into permeable (soil that has tiny holes in it) soil or rock and then freezes and expands b) plant roots- pry apart cracks in rocks c) animal actions- claws dig into rock d) abrasion- the grinding away of rock by other rock particles e) ice wedging- ice widens and deepens cracks in rocks View animation: http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?wcprefix=cfp&wcsuffix=2022&fuseaction =home.gotoWebCode&x=10&y=13 http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?wcprefix=cfp&wcsuffix=2022&fuseaction =home.gotoWebCode&x=10&y=13

3. pictures of examples of mechanical weathering: http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_scien ce/terc/content/visualizations/es1201/es1201 page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_scien ce/terc/content/visualizations/es1201/es1201 page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization BrainPOP movie: http://www.brainpop.com/science/weather/ weathering/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/weather/ weathering/

4. 2) chemical weathering- the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes Examples: a)acid rain-produced by burning fossil fuels b) plant roots-secrete acids into cracks in rocks c) reaction with oxygen to cause rust d) dissolving by water e) CO2 dissolves in water to form carbonic acid that weathers limestone and marble

5. View this animation of chemical weathering: http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_scien ce/terc/content/visualizations/es1202/es1202 page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_scien ce/terc/content/visualizations/es1202/es1202 page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/int /geog/limestone/underground/index.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/int /geog/limestone/underground/index.shtml Cave formation: http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/int /geog/limestone/underground/in_the_cave.s html http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/int /geog/limestone/underground/in_the_cave.s html

6. View this animation to learn more about weathering and how it is affected by the climate of an area. Factors that affect the rate of weathering of rock: a) type of rock b) climate- hot, wet climates cause chemical weathering faster; cool, wet climates cause mechanical weathering to occur http://www.as.uky.edu/academics/departments_programs/EarthEnvironmen talSciences/EarthEnvironmentalSciences/Educational%20Materials/Docu ments/elearning/module07swf.swf

7. erosion- the movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice or gravity Examples of landscapes formed by erosion: http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_scien ce/terc/content/visualizations/es1205/es1205 page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_scien ce/terc/content/visualizations/es1205/es1205 page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization View short video: http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsyste m/erosion/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsyste m/erosion/