1. TOPIC :- YASH SHAH 130460106097 DEVANG SIDHWANI 130460106099 YASH METHA 130460106115 PRESENTED BY :- WALL FINISHES

2. INDEX Plastering 1.Wall finishes 2.Internal plasters 3.Types of internal plasters 4.Lime & cement plasters 5.Lime plasters 6.Cement plasters 7.Lime & cement plasters (stucco)

3. Pointing 1.Pointing 2.Types of pointing a)Flush pointing b)Stuck pointing c)Recessed pointing d)Rubbed, keyed & grooved pointing e)Beaded pointing f)V – grooved pointing g)Weathered pointing h)Tuck pointing INDEX

4. Painting 1.Water-based or latex 2.Types of painting a)Enamel b)Semi – gloss c)Satin or eggshell FINISH d)FLAT FINISH 3. Stenciling INDEX

5. WALL FINISHES Walls are the vertical building elements which divide the spaces from each other. Walls generally have load bearing, separation, insulation and conservation functions. Layers of a Wall

6. INTERNAL PLASTERS Plastering is a centuries-old craft which provides a comparatively uneven wall with a smooth, flat surface. In the past, plaster was based on lime, but today it is also based on “gypsum” and “cement”. Plaster is applied to wall or other surfaces as a wet mixture of binding material (lime, cement or gypsum), aggregate (usually sand) and water.

7. 1.Mineral Plasters (Binding materials are lime, cement and gypsum which are inorganic materials. Also aggregates and colour pigments are obtained from natural minerals) 1.1 Lime and Cement Plasters 1.2 Gypsum Plasters 2. Polymer Plasters (Binding material is a polymer resin like acrylic) Types of Internal Plasters

8. Materials and mixes used in plastering are either: A matrix or A matrix plus aggregates MATRIX: a mix, which has a setting action. THE AGGREGATE: the inert filler. LIME AND CEMENT PLASTERS

9. LIME PLASTER The binding material is only lime and also include sand and water. (Kireç Sıva) Before the 19 th century Portland cement was not manufactured and the matrix then used was lime. The mix then was: 1 part of lime + 3 part of sand + water

10. Cement Plaster This kind of plasters include cement as a basic binding material. It is include also small amount (25 %) of lime in order to prevent cracks and increase workability by increasing the setting time.

11. LIME AND CEMENT PLASTER (STUCCO) This kind of plasters are include cement in order to increase the strength of the plaster. The ratio of the cement is 20 or 30 % of the lime ratio. Stucco makes an excellent exterior and interior wall covering, as it is attested by its long and much appreciated history.

12. During the old periods of time, before the Modern Era, lime has been used in stucco as the only matrix available for builders. But its slow hardening has led to the use of Portland cement in the mixture of stucco, after the Portland cement was discovered at the beginning of the 19 th century. Portland cement is today the most widely used material for such purpose. With white Portland cement and lime, a wide range of colors is obtainable, particularly when colored sands and stone chips are employed with the colored pigments. If the surface to be stuccoed is masonry, two coats are applied; if the surface is metal lath, three coats are required.

13. HAND LEVEL

14. FEATHER EDGE

15. FINISHING TROWELS

16. GAUGING TROWELS

17. PLASTERER HAWKS

18. INSIDE CORNER TROWEL OUTSIDE CORNER TROWEL

19. POINTING Pointing is the process of filling the masonry joints with the mortar of slightly richer mix. The rain water may enter through the mortar joints. Therefore, the mortar joints in masonry are raked out to a depth of 13mm & them it is filled with rich mortar. The pointing protects the joints from the entry of rain & also increase the appearance of the surface with the different pattern of the joints, thickness, colors & texture.

20. TYPES OF POINTING 1.FLUSH POINTING In flush pointing, the mortar is pressed into the raked joints & finished flush with he edges of the bricks or stones. The edges are then nearly trimmed with a trowel & straight edge. This is the simplest type of pointing & is extensively used, as it does not provide any space for accumulation of dust, water, etc.

21. 2. STRUCK POINTING In stuck pointing, the mortar is first pressed into the raked joints & then of the joint is pressed in inclined manner by 3 to 6 mm. with the pointing tool. This pointing drains of water easily.

22. 3. RECESSED POINTING Recessed pointing is done by pressing the mortar back from the edges by 5 mm or more. The face of the pointing is kept vertical, by suitable tool. The pointing gives very good appearance.

23. 4. RUBBED, KEYED & GROOVED POINTING Rubbed, keyed & grooved pointing, the mortar is pressed into the raked joints & finished flush with the face of the wall & then a groove is formed by pointing tool.

24. 5. BEADED POINTING Beaded pointing, the mortar is pressed into the raked joints & finished flush with face of the wall & then the beading is formed by suitably shaped tool along the centraline of the joints.

25. 6. V- GROOVED POINTING V-grooved pointing is made by forming v-shaped groove in the flush finished face, with suitable tool.

26. 7. WEATHERED POINTING Weathered pointing is made by forming a projection of V-shaped; with suitable tool.

27. 8. TUCK POINTING Tuck pointing, the mortar is first pressed in the raked joints & finished flush with the face of the wall & then the top & bottom edges of the joints are cut parallel so as to have a uniformly raised band about 6 mm. high & 10 mm. in width.

28. PAINT Fastest and least expensive way to cover a wall Easiest way to change the look of a room When choosing a paint, choose a color slightly LIGHTER the color you want.

29. WATER-BASED OR LATEX Easy to apply and dries quickly, does not adhere (stick) to some surfaces, such as bare wood Clean-up is easy with soap and water. Considered to be environmentally safe

30. Solvent-based may be oil or synthetic resin called ALKYD Alkyd dries more quickly than oil based paints, does not contain lead Produces a durable and washable surface so good for walls and ceilings of kitchens, baths. Mineral spirits used for cleanup

31. ENAMEL Have the most gloss, have protective and decorative finish Used in kitchens, baths, wood trim, window sills, masonry

32. SEMI-GLOSS Have less gloss and are slightly less durable than enamels. Used in same places as enamels

33. SATIN OR EGGSHELL FINISH Have a slight sheen and used mostly on walls. Slightly less durable than semi-gloss

34. FLAT FINISH No gloss and give a soft finish to walls and ceilings Should not be used in kitchens/baths or window sills or woodwork Usually the least expensive type of paint Most difficult to clean

35. Sponging

36. Rag Rolling

37. MARBLEIZING

38. Tompe l’oeil: illusion created by paint to “fool the eye”. Usually a 3-D scene

39. TROMPE L’OEIL

41. Stenciling: applying paint by using a cutout form to outline a design or lettering. Can be created or purchased. Can vary from simple to complex and may involve using several paints to achieve the proper detail or effect Stenciling

42. STENCILING