1. © MARK BATIK, JESUIT COLLEGE PREPARATORY A House Divided final steps to war

2. Dred Scott v. Sandford Two issues:  Dred Scott, all Blacks, not a citizen so therefore can’t sue for freedom  Not merely not a citizen, but not even intended in the language of the Declaration  Who was a citizen at the framing of the Constitution? How is that determined?  Constitution, laws at the time, social mores  The Missouri Compromise line 36 30’ is unconstitutional  1. Constitutional rule about territories only applies to original territory of the United States at the time the Constitution was written  2. The Constitution only applies to the land, not the people on the land 3. The 5 th Amendment protects a slaveholder’s right to possess a slave Helps Republican party formation

3. Panic of 1857 New York branch of the Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company failed Run on the banks resulted Stock market dropped 8- 10%

4. Panic of 1857 A hurricane sank the Central America, carrying a shipment of gold from California  Raises fear that government can’t cover deposits Railroad failures Land speculation failures European events fuel the crisis  Britain removes investments from US  Crimean grain competes against US Credit: "The Central America Engulfed in the Ocean, About Eight the Ship Began to Settle Rapidly, When She Momentarily Righted and Went Down Stern Foremost.“ Illustration in Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper October 3, 1857. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress.

5. Panic of 1857 A severe economic depression lasted three years NE suffered most blaming low tariffs which helps the Republican party, who wanted high tariffs South has low impact—solidifying a belief in the superiority of their system

6. Lecompton, Kansas 1857 proslavery forces rig constitutional convention  Vote for pro-slavery Constitution for Kansas Second referendum defeated the proslavery forces

7. Lecompton James Buchanan pushes the pro-slavery constitution  Douglas’ support gets it through the Senate  House defeats it Resubmit Lecompton to Kansas voters who reject it

8. Lecompton Consequences Splits the Democrat Party  Devastates Douglas because he comes out against the Kansas pro-slavers  Buchanan explicitly supporting proslavery elements Popular sovereignty is a sham Kansas becomes free soil but won’t be a state until 1861

9. “A House Divided” June 16, 1858 speech opening Lincoln’s run for Senate The nation can’t be ½ slave and ½ free One or the other will survive Conspiracy theory introduced Opening salvo in the race for the Illinois Senate seat held by Douglas More radical than Lincoln should have been at the time

10. Lincoln Douglas Debates 7 sites, 7 Congressional districts Speeches were 3 hours long or so and then rebuttals New crowd for each new speech lots of repetition Open air forum of people, interplay with the crowds Stenographic reporting, partisan newspapers followed the candidates Both candidates were moving to the middle away from earlier, more extreme stances Incompatible moral positions

11. Lincoln’s Points Stephen A. Douglas Opposed the extension of slavery Addressed the morality of the institution Not an abolitionist, but troubled by slavery Popular Sovereignty Freeport Doctrine Slavery requires local support to survive Lincoln Douglas Debates

12. Aftermath Slavery was the issue but was largely irrelevant to Illinois Douglas doomed a tragic figure Lincoln became the darling of the Republican Party By 1860, 30,000 copies of the debates were published, a campaign document