1. Magnets and Magnetism
Magnet – any material that attracts iron or things made of iron

2. Properties of Magnets 2 opposite poles
Magnets exert forces on each other
Magnets are surrounded by a magnetic field

3. Magnetic Poles Each end of the magnet is a magnetic pole.
Magnetic Poles are points on a magnet that have opposite magnetic qualities.
Magnets have a north and south pole

4. Magnetic Forces
The force of attraction or repulsion caused by moving (spinning) electric charges.
Opposite poles attracted
Like poles repel

5. Magnetic Fields
The region around the magnet in which magnetic forces act.

6. Causes of Magnetism
Electrons in certain materials move in such a way that it make a magnetic field. The atoms will then have a north and south pole.
In iron, nickel, and cobalt groups of atoms are in tiny areas called domains.
Domains are like tiny magnets of different sizes within an object.
The arrangement of domains in an object determines whether the object is magnetic.

7. Domains & Alignment

8. Losing Alignment
Magnets lose their strength when their domains no longer line up.
Dropping a magnet
Entering into a stronger, opposite magnetic field
Increasing temperatures

9. Make a Magnet
You can make a magnet from something made of iron, cobalt or nickel
A nail can be magnetized by dragging a magnet down it several times to line up the domains

10. Cutting a Magnet
When magnets are cut in half, they end up with a North and South Pole because the domains are lined up.

11. Kinds of Magnets
Ferromagnets- magnets made of iron, nickel, cobalt and have strong magnetic properties.
Electromagnets- magnets made by an electric current and usually has an iron core.

12. Temporary & Permanent Magnets
Temporary – Easy to magnetize
Permanent – Difficult to magnetize

13. Earth as a Magnet
Imaginary magnetic bar running through the earth, point to North and South Poles.
Compass used to tell direction.
Earth’s Geographic poles are the axis on which the Earth rotates.

15. Core of the Earth
Core is made of a solid iron/nickel inner core and a liquid outer core.
As the earth rotates, the liquid core flows.
Electric charges move, which makes a magnetic field.

16. Magnetic Light Show
The Aurora is formed when charged particles from the sun (electromagnetic energy) hit oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the air.
The atoms become excited & give off light of many colors.
Northern Lights & Southern Lights