1. A PRESENTATION ON JOINTS & FITTINGS PREPARED BY GOLAKIYA JATIN 130450105011 GUIDED BY PROFF. AESHA J. MEHTA DEPARTMENT OF CHAMICAL ENGINEERING SHREE S’AD VIDHYA MANDAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(045) BHARUCH-393002 2014-2015 SUBMITTED ON: 20/09/2014

2. CONTAIN  Pipe Joints  Fitting  INSTALLATION OF PIPES  FLANGE  Fitting curves other than lines

3. Pipe Joints  The methods used to join pieces of pipe or tubing depend in part on the properties of the material but primarily on the thickness of the wall.  Thick walled tubular products are usually connected by screwed fittings by flanges or by welding.

4.  Pieces of thin walled tubing are joined by soldering or by compression or flare fittings.  Pipe made of brittle materials such as glass or Carbon or cast iorn is joined by flanges or bell & spigot joints.

5. 5 Types of Pipe Joints  Threaded  Welded  Soldered/ Brazed  Glued  Compression  Bell and spigot  Upset or expanded

6. INSTALLATION OF PIPES  When screwed fittings are used, the ends of the pipe are threaded externally with a threading tool.  The thread is tapered, and the few threads farthest from the end of the pipe are imperfect, so that a tight joint is formed when the pipe is screwed into a fitting.

7.  Tape of polytetraflouroethylene is wrapped around the threaded end to ensure a good seal.  Threading weakens the pipe wall, and the fittings are generally weaker than the pipe itself; when screwed fittings are used, therefore, a higher schedule number is needed than with other types of joints.

8.  Screwed fittings are standardized for pipe size up to 12 inches (300 mm ), but because of the difficulty of threading and handling large pipe, they are rarely used in the field with pipe larger than 3 inches(75 mm).  Lengths of pipe larger than about 2 inch (50 mm) are usually connected by flanges or by welding.

9. Fitting curves other than lines  In principle, an easy generalisation  The probability of obtaining a point, given a curve, is given by a negative exponential of distance squared  In practice, rather hard  It is generally difficult to compute the distance between a point and a curve

10. FLANGE  Flanges are matching disks or rings of metal bolted together and compressing a gasket between their faces.  The flanges themselves are attached to the pipe by screwing them on or by welding or brazing.  A flange with no opening,used to close the pipe, is called a blind flange or a blank flange.

11.  For joining pieces of large steel pipe in process piping, especially for high pressure service, welding has become the standard method.  Properly made welded joints are leakproof.  Almost the only disadvantage of a welded joint is that it cannot be opened without destroying it.

12. Fitting  Choose a parametric object/some objects to represent a set of tokens  Most interesting case is when criterion is not local  can’t tell whether a set of points lies on a line by looking only at each point and the next.

13. 13 Fittings for joining 2 sections of pipe: Coupling Reducing Coupling Union Flange