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JFK and the Cold War HW Quiz 1.What was the name of JFK ’ s program to give financial aid to Latin American countries? 2.What happened to Cuba ’ s government in 1959? 3.What incident make JFK look bad, embarrassed the United States, and increased tension with Cuba? 4.What was constructed in Germany during JFK ’ s presidency that served as a symbol of Cold War tension? 5.What incident brought the United States and Cuba to the brink of nuclear war? Bonus (10 points): What New Deal agency was created to build dams and provide electricity to people in poor areas? (spell out the name!)
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Cold War Tensions Rising and the Space Race Goal 11
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Essential Idea Cold War tension almost rose to nuclear war during Kennedy ’ s administration.
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Brinkmanship Eisenhower ’ s Foreign Policy: Brinkmanship What it meant: go to the brink of nuclear war, then back off What Critics said: this is a DANGEROUS policy How Brinkmanship was useful: Eisenhower threatened China with nukes, which helped “ end ” the Korean War
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Cold War Tension Rising Event: Sputnik was launched What happened: In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first space satellite Some people worried that the Soviets were launching spy satellites
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Sputnik Inspires Fear Others worried that the next Soviet rocket would carry a nuclear weapon, not a satellite Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announced that the Soviets would “ bury capitalism ” (and said that future American generations would live under communism)
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Eisenhower and Khrushchev Event: The U-2 Incident What happened: Eisenhower and Khrushchev agreed to a meeting to ease tension Just before the meeting, Soviets shot down an American U-2 spy plane
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The U-2 Incident Eisenhower denied it was a spy plane until Khrushchev produced the pilot, Francis Gary Powers Eisenhower would not apologize, and the meeting was cancelled
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Election of 1960 Election of 1960: The Election was between Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy The Debates For the first time, the presidential debates were televised Election of 1960- Power of Television Election of 1960- Power of Television
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Kennedy ’ s Inaugural Address Impact of Television: On TV, Kennedy looked “ more presidential ” Winner of the Election: Kennedy ’ s TV image helped him win the election
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The Space Race The Space Race: the race between the Soviet Union and the United States to explore space first Significance #1: if the Soviets won, the world might think communist was stronger than democracy Significance #2: space race technology could be used to build better war weapons
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The Space Race NASA: this government agency was created to research and build space technology John Glenn: the first American to orbit the Earth Neil Armstrong: the first human to walk on the moon (no other country ever has) Result: The United States “ won ” the space race by landing on the moon first
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Castro ’ s Revolution in Cuba The Cuban Revolution: In 1959, Fidel Castro led a successful overthrow of the Cuban government Castro then formed an alliance with the Soviet Union, and Cuba became communist
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Worries about Cuba This threatened the containment policy, especially since Cuba is only 90 miles from Florida
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The Bay of Pigs Incident Bay of Pigs Incident: The American Government wanted to overthrow Cuba without going to war The CIA secretly trained Cuban exiles and transported them to the Bay of Pigs, Cuba
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The Bay of Pigs Incident The overthrow failed, the government plot was exposed, and the United States looked weak
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Trouble in Berlin The Berlin Wall: Khrushchev was tired of East Berlin citizens moving to West Berlin He demanded that democratic nations abandon West Berlin, but Kennedy refused
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The Berlin Wall Khrushchev built the Berlin Wall to split the city The Berlin Wall was fortified with guards, barbed wire, and mines
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The Cuban Missile Crisis The Cuban Missile Crisis: In 1962, American spy planes photographed Soviet missile sites in Cuba
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The Cuban Missile Crisis Kennedy ordered a naval blockade of Cuba and demanded that the Soviets stop constructing missile sites Construction continued, and nuclear war seemed imminent Kennedy’s Address Kennedy’s Address
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Tensions Finally Ease Kennedy and Khrushchev Come to an Agreement: Kennedy agreed to remove American missile site on the Turkey/Soviet border and promised not to invade Cuba Khrushchev agreed to remove missile sites in Cuba
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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Nuclear Test Ban Treaty – the United States and Soviet Union agreed to end nuclear testing
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The Kennedy Assassination The Event: JFK was assassinated while on a trip in Dallas, Texas The Arrest: Authorities arrested Lee Harvey Oswald
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The Assassin is Assassinated The Assassin Killed: Two days later, Oswald was killed by Jack Ruby The Impact: a young president with a lot of potential was gone The New President: Lyndon B. Johnson
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Chief Justice Earl Warren Earl Warren: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in the 1950s and 1960s
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Expanding the Rights of Individuals Major Case #1: Brown v. Board of Education – ended school segregation
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Defining the Rights of the Accused Major Case #2: Gideon v. Wainwright – everyone gets a lawyer, even if they cannot afford one Major Case #3: Miranda v. Arizona – police must read your rights during an arrest
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Significance of the Warren Court Defined the rights of the accused and expanded the rights of individuals
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