1. 1

2. Part I: The Great Depression 1929-1938 2

3. The Crash! 3

4. 4 Business Over-Expansion Speculation International Credit Structure Causes of the Great Depression Government Policies Income Mal-distribution

5. Banks Collapse! Investments Decline! Money Supply Declines! Deflation! GNP Plunges! Farm Income Drops! Unemployment Explodes! Unemployment Explodes! 5

6. The Hoover Administration “The fundamental business of the country is sound.”  Voluntary efforts & private enterprise  Modest government actions  Results—Hoovervilles & the Bonus Army 6

7. The Roosevelt Administration— 1933-1938 “I pledge you, I pledge myself, a new deal for the American people.” American people.”  the bank holiday & “fireside chats” & the first hundred days— hundred days—  3 R’s---relief, recovery, reform—the 1 st New Deal relief---Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) relief---Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) recovery---Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) recovery---Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) reform---Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) reform---Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) & Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) & Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) 7

8. recovery---Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) recovery---National Industrial Recovery Act 2 programs---NRA & PWA 2 programs---NRA & PWA 8

9. Roosevelt’s Critics 9

10. The 2 nd New Deal  relief—Works Public Administration (WPA)  reform---Social Security Act  reform---the Wagner Act  the court packing scheme  a second recession—1937-38 10

11. 11

12. Results of New Deal Policies 12  Establishment of welfare/broker state  Dramatic growth of government power  Promotion of liberalism through Democratic Party coalition Democratic Party coalition  Legitimization of deficit spending  Failure to end Depression and restore the economy the economy

13. Part II: World War II 1939-1945 13

14. Origins of World War II 14  Effects of World War I  The Great Depression  The rise of totalitarianism: Militarism Militarism Fascism Fascism Communism Communism

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16. 16

17. Axis & Japanese Aggression European appeasement American neutrality 17 War!--- September 1, 1939

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19. 19 Pearl Harbor Attack---December 7, 1941 FDR---”a day which will live in infamy”

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21. 21 D-Day Normandy Invasion---June 6, 1944 Germany surrenders—War in Europe ends May 8, 1945

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23. 23 “I am become death, the shatterer of worlds” --- Robert Oppenheimer

24. The Manhattan Project 24  Kitchen table experiments  Scientists’ & British warnings  S-1 Committee & Los Alamos Lab  Harry Truman & the decision

25. 25 Hiroshima & Nagasaki Nagasaki Japan surrenders World War II ends August, 1945

26. 26 Effects of the war  The Holocaust and the end of empires  American internationalism & global leadership  End of the Great Depression  Opportunities for women & minorities