1. PPP steering group meeting, 23 rd May 2016, Beijing Markus Rex K. Dethloff, M. Shupe, U. Nixdorf, M. Nicolaus & the international MOSAiC consortium

2. PPP steering group meeting, 23 rd May 2016, Beijing Overarching goal: To improve the understanding of coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean-ecosystem processes in the Central Arctic to support improved sea ice forecasting, regional weather forecasting, and climate predictions. Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate

3. PPP steering group meeting, 23 rd May 2016, Beijing http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/time_series.html Near surface temperature changes derived from observations 90 60 30 Arctic Equator Antarctic 0 -30 -60 -90 196019701980199020002010 The Arctic is a key area for gloabal climate change

4. PPP steering group meeting, 23 rd May 2016, Beijing Stroeve et al., 2007, updated Arctic climate change is not well represented in state-of-the-art Earth System Models 10 8 6 4 2 0 19001950200020502100 Minimum sea ice extent (10 6 km 3 ) Models versus observations Understanding of key climate processes in the Arctic is limited by lack of observations! Many processes in the Arctic climate system only roughly represented in Climate Models

5. PPP steering group meeting, 23 rd May 2016, Beijing Year round observations in the Central Arctic Central Station: RV Polarstern Distributed network of satellite stations Supply by rendevous with icebreakers from MOSAiC partners Additional science on supply cruises 2019-2020

6. PPP steering group meeting, 23 rd May 2016, Beijing Main scientific focus areas Aerosols Ozone Layer Dynamical coupling Boundary layer Clouds Sea ice Ecosystem Energy & momentum fluxes Radiation Formation Drift Deformation Melting Vertical fluxes through boundaries between ocean, sea ice and atmosphere Meridional fluxes in atmosphere and ocean Thermal structure Small scale processes Chemistry in ocean, sea ice & atmosphere Interaction with aerosols and clouds Vertical and meridional dynamical coupling in the Arctic climate system Radiative properties of clouds & aerosols Microphysical interactions between clouds & aerosols Interactions with boundary layer Precipitation Biogeochemical fluxes Chemistry Full seasonal cycle: Ecosystem dynamics Populations in ocean and sea ice

7. PPP steering group meeting, 23 rd May 2016, Beijing Year round observations in the Central Arctic Services for stakeholders and the society Development and improvement of process models for relevant Arctic sub-systems Development and improvement of parametrizations for weather prediction and climate models General Research Approach Assimilation into NWP Systems

8. PPP steering group meeting, 23 rd May 2016, Beijing SEA ICE BIO-GEO- CHEM. OCEAN ECO- SYSTEM ATMO- SPHERE Working Groups

9. Large-scale linkages Collaborating research vessels (Academic Fedorov, Xue Long, Oden…) and supply cruises Aircraft (Polar 5,6, Halo), ocean gliders Satellites Data assimilation studies  Arctic regional & global models > 1000 km Spatial coverage of MOSAiC Distributed Network Sea ice stations visited by helicopter UAV, ocean gliders Aircraft (Polar 5,6, Halo) Process & regional model  Model grid cell < 50 km < 5 km Central Observatory Ship based Sea ice stations  Process scale observations

10. ABL/Atmos. Structure: 4-times daily radiosondes, 10-20 m met. tower, UAV Dynamics: Doppler lidar, sodar Clouds/precip: Radar, lidar, IR/microwave, precip. gauges, etc. Aerosols: Air sampling of CN, CCN, composition, IN Atmosphere

11. Surface Energy Budget: Radiation, turbulence, remote stations, UAV, satellite Opportunistic: Lead energy budget Aircraft campaigns: radiation, clouds, aerosols Large-scale: Links with land stations, collaborating research vessels, pressure buoy array Atmosphere

12. Surface type distribution (pond, lead): Manual and aerial surveys, vis/IR cameras, SAR Ice thickness / snow depth: Ice mass balance, manual surveys, EM surveys Thermodynamics: IMBs, manual freeboard, Radiative properties/optics: Radiometers, albedo surveys, ROV Sea-Ice

13. Physical properties: snow pits / ice cores Deformation: GPS buoy array, SAR Roughness/topography: AUV sonar Opportunistic: Lead, ridge, pond processes Large-scale: Icesat-2, other satellites Sea-Ice

14. Ocean structure: heat, salinity/freshwater, periodic deep ocean profilers, frequent upper ocean, CTD profiling Heat flux: flux buoys Dynamics: current profiler (ADCP), turbulence mast/profiler Spatial transects: Gliders Opportunistic: Lead structure, ocean surface Large-scale: Pan-Arctic network of ocean profilers Ocean

15. Carbon: CO 2, CH 4, CO Sulfur: DMS, DMSO Nitrogen: N 2 O, NO x Sampling: Air, ice/snow samples, ocean: Rosette Trace Gases: GC analysis, flux measurements Photochemistry: halogen/mercury cycle Radionuclides: 7 Be, 222 Rn, 210 Po Biogeochemistry

16. Profiling, ocean/ice sampling: Oxygen, chl-a, nutrients, DOM, POC, PN, BSi, Chl-a, flow cytometry, light, …. Primary production: carbon/nitrogen uptake, oxygen release Particle fluxes: UVP, sediment traps, 234 Th Plankton: Rosette, net hauls Opportunistic: Sampling at leads Transects: Sampling via re-supply vessels Ecosystem

17. PPP steering group meeting, 23 rd May 2016, Beijing Organisational Implementation Administration and Infrastructure K. Wurr, C. Ruholl, J. Eilers, C. Ungermann, U. Nixdorf International Advisory Board M. Shupe, H. Yang, V. Sokolov, S. Gerland Project Coordinator M. Rex Supported by Project Manager Executive Committee K. Lochte, M. Rex, K. Wurr, U. Nixdorf AWI Research Sections International Partner Institutions Project Board Representatives of the 5 Topics SEA-ICE OCEAN BIO-GEOCHEM. ECOSYSTEM ATMOSPHERE Modelling Remote Sensing

18. PPP steering group meeting, 23 rd May 2016, Beijing www.mosaic-expedition.org Backup: www.mosaic-experiment.org

19. PPP steering group meeting, 23 rd May 2016, Beijing END

20. PPP steering group meeting, 23 rd May 2016, Beijing General observational strategy Fall supply: AARI e.g. Academic Fedorov Winter supply: Nuclear ice breaker Rosatomflot Spring supply: E.g. Xue Long “Snow Dragon” Central Station: RV Polarstern Distributed network of satellite stations