1. It is the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. It is the one thing that you can talk to anybody about if you don’t know what to talk about!

2. Auckland’s weather!

3. NZ Weather Describe the weather map below. www.metservice.co.nz

4. What the weather map shows. Isobars are lines joining places of equal atmospheric pressure.Warm and cold fronts. High pressure (1033hp) = anticyclone. Descending air means no clouds, clear skies, low wind speeds in an anticlockwise direction in the southern hemisphere. Low pressure(976hp) = depression or cyclone. Rising air means clouds, rain, strong winds in a clockwise direction in the southern hemisphere. ( extreme low pressure = tropical cyclone/hurricane) The closer the isobars are together, the stronger the wind speeds.

5. Air Masses A large body of air that has properties similar to the part of the Earth’s surface over which it develops.

6. Air masses may have low pressure or high pressure

7. A LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM or DEPRESSION The lines on the map with red half circles mark a warm front and the one with blue triangular blobs mark a cold front. A front is a boundary between two air masses of different density, moisture, or temperature Depressions form when a warm air mass meets a cooler air mass.The warm air is forced to rise over the cold air and each front is marked by a band of frontal rain.

8. 6. Air masses and fronts

9. A Low Pressure System or Depression

10. Frontal Rain can be heavy!

11. There are 3 Types of Rainfall Draw the diagrams below and label them.

13. Why does Rain fall from Clouds? Inside a cloud, there is a continuous supply of water vapour causing growth of cloud droplets. The cloud droplets may then fall due to their size and weight. Larger cloud droplets falling at a faster rate collide with the smaller droplets falling at a slower rate and thus grow larger in size. This process is called coalescence. As this coalescence process continues inside a cloud, cloud droplets grow larger and larger until they are too heavy to remain in the cloud and thus fall toward the surface as rain.

14. Types of Precipitation Rain Sleet Snow Hail

15. Clouds

17. Types of clouds Cumulo-nimbus Sb Can cause lightning, thunder, hail, strong rains, strong winds, and tornadoes Cirro-stratus Cs Thin, wispy, appears in sheets. Cirrus Ci Thin, wispy, filamentous, or curly Cirro-cumulus Cc Small, puffy, patchy and/or with a wavelike appearance Alto-cumulus Ac Medium-sized puffy, patchy, scattered clouds - often in linear bands Alto-stratus As Thin, uniform Strato-cumulus Sc Broad and flat on the bottom, puffy on top Cumulus Cu Puffy and piled up. Stratus St Uniform, flat, thick to thin layered clouds will ill- defined edges Nimbo-stratus Ns Uniform, dark, flat, low, featureless clouds that produce precipitation

19. Local Weather Different rates of heating of land and water Warm air over land rises Sea Breeze moves inland Cumuli develop aloft and move seaward Upper level return land breeze Cool air aloft sinks over water Sea Breeze (meso-cold) Front

22. CLIMATE is a generalisation about our weather. Weather is what is happening in the atmosphere above us now. Today it is _________________________________ Climate is a generalisation about what it is mostly like at this time of the year. In winter in Auckland it is usually cold and wet. Weather patterns in the world are caused by the unequal heating of the sun, due to the rotation of the earth around the sun and the spinning of the earth once around on its axis in 24 hrs, resultant pressure zones and wind patterns.

23. 1 and 2

25. World wind patterns

26. 3

27. 4

28. As air moves from high to low pressure in the northern hemisphere, it is deflected to the right by the Coriolis force. In the southern hemisphere, air moving from high to low pressure is deflected to the left by the Coriolis forceforce.highlow

29. Task: Choose one example of an extreme weather event. 1.KnowledgeDescribe what happened, when it happened and where it happened and the impacts. 2ComprehensionExplain why it happened/what caused it. 3.ApplicationDraw a sequence of events diagram, including impacts. 4.AnalysisCompare your extreme weather event with one somewhere else in the world. 5.SynthesisDecide which extreme weather event of the type you have studied was the most significant and justify your decision. 6.EvaluationWhat would happen if humans could control the weather?