1. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select “View” on the menu bar and click on “Slide Show.” To advance through the presentation, click the right arrow key or the space bar. From the resources slide, click on any resource to see a presentation for that resource. From the Chapter menu screen click on any lesson to go directly to that lesson’s presentation. You may exit the slide show at any time by pressing the Esc key.

2. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter Presentation Transparencies Bellringers Image and Activity Bank Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter Menu Brain Food Video Quiz Quotes About Character

3. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Do what you know and perception is converted into character.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

4. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Understanding Drugs and Medicines Chapter 9

5. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Understanding Drugs and Medicines Contents Section 1 Drugs Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Section 3 Drugs and the Brain Chapter 9

6. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Drugs Bellringer Name four medicines that you have heard of. What is each of these medicines used for? Chapter 9

7. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Drugs Objectives List three qualities that make a drug useful as a medicine. Name the two sources of all drugs. Identify four different types of medicines and their effects on the body. Identify five different ways that drugs can enter the body. Describe why some drugs are considered drugs of abuse. Chapter 9

8. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Drugs What Are Drugs? A drug is any substance that causes a change in a person’s physical or psychological state. Medicines are drugs used to cure, prevent, or treat illness or discomfort. Good medicines have the following qualities: Chapter 9 Effectiveness Safety Minor side effects

9. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Drugs What Are Drugs? Drugs of abuse are drugs that people take for mind- altering effects that have no medical purpose. Drugs of abuse can change the way your brain works in ways that are unhealthy and dangerous. Drugs that affect your brain can change your behavior over time and lead to addiction and long- term health problems. Chapter 9

10. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Drugs What Are Drugs? All drugs are chemicals that come from one of two sources: Chapter 9 Naturals sources, such as plants, animals, or fungi Laboratories

11. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Drugs Types of Medicines A prescription is a written order from a doctor for a specific medicine. Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines can be bought without a prescription. Chapter 9

12. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Drugs Types of Medicines Drugs can be taken into the body in the following ways: Chapter 9 Implanted pumps Inhalation Injection Transdermal patches Ingestion Topical application

13. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Drugs Chapter 9

14. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Drugs Chapter 9

15. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Bellringer What are some reasons you think prescription and OTC medications have instructions and precautions written on their packaging? Chapter 9

16. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Objectives Describe the process by which drugs are approved for medical use. State two reasons why prescriptions are required for some medicines. State two factors to consider when choosing over- the-counter (OTC) medicines. Describe three problems that can occur when taking some medicines. List six things you should do to be able to use medicines wisely. Chapter 9

17. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Approving Drugs for Medical Use The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was created in 1906 to control the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics in the United States. The FDA uses an approval process for proving a drug is safe and effective. Some steps include: Chapter 9 Chemical or cell-culture testing in laboratories Testing on animals Testing on human volunteers Clinical trials to compare to existing drugs

18. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Prescription Medicines Prescription medications should only be taken with a doctor’s recommendation and supervision. Taking someone else’s medication or failing to follow the prescription can be dangerous. Chapter 9

19. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Prescription Medicines Prescriptions include the following information: Chapter 9 Dosage (how much you should take) When you should take the medicine How often you should take the medicine The length of time you should take the medicine

20. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicines Most OTC medicines are used for common illnesses, injuries, and disorders. When choosing an OTC: Chapter 9 Decide what kind of OTC will work for you. Decide whether you want a generic or brand- name medicine. They often have the same active ingredients but different inactive ingredients. Read the labels.

21. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicines Long-term use of OTC medicines can cover up more serious problems. If symptoms persist, consult a doctor. Herbal remedies and dietary supplements do not have to be approved by the FDA. Because they may have not been thoroughly tested, herbal remedies and dietary supplements may not be safe or effective. Chapter 9

22. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Possible Problems with Medicines Allergic reactions are the most serious risks to taking medicines. Symptoms of anaphylactic shock include: Chapter 9 Itching all over the body Swelling, especially in the mouth or throat Wheezing or difficulty breathing A pounding heart Fainting and unconsciousness

23. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Possible Problems with Medicines Side effects are more common problems than medicine allergies. Drug interactions occur when a drug reacts with another drug, food, or dietary supplement to increase or decrease the effect of one of the substances. Labels on OTC packages or drug information sheets describe possible drug interactions and may also list potential side effects. Chapter 9

24. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Using Medicines Wisely 1.Make yourself part of your own healthcare team. 2.Be prepared to ask questions. 3.Learn the facts about any medicine you take. 4.Listen to your body. 5.It’s not always safe to suddenly stop taking a drug. 6.Speak up and enlist your parents’ help. Chapter 9

25. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Drugs and the Brain Bellringer Write a response to the following statement: “If I want to use drugs, it’s my choice and it doesn’t affect anybody else beside me.” Chapter 9

26. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Drugs and the Brain Objectives Describe how drugs that affect the brain work. State how drugs can affect a person’s emotions. Describe how addiction can develop from experimentation. Summarize the role of withdrawal in maintaining a drug addiction. Describe why addiction is considered a treatable and avoidable disease. Chapter 9

27. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Drugs and the Brain How Drugs That Affect the Brain Work Information processing in the brain takes place at the connections between neurons, called synapses. Signals are passed across synapses by chemicals called neurotransmitters. Chapter 9

28. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Drugs and the Brain How Drugs That Affect the Brain Work Some drugs affect the way neurons communicate by acting like neurotransmitters, blocking neurotransmitters, or changing the amount of neurotransmitters. These changes can affect our moods and emotions. Chapter 9

29. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Drugs and the Brain The Path to Addiction Addiction is a condition in which a person can no longer control his or her drug use. Most drugs of abuse activate the brain reward system, which releases chemicals that give pleasure. Pleasure alone does not cause addiction. People who become addicts usually start by experimenting, then more regular use leads to a series of changes on the path to addiction. Chapter 9

30. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Drugs and the Brain The Path to Addiction Chapter 9

31. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Drugs and the Brain Addiction is a Treatable Disease The symptoms that occur when a drug user stops using a drug are collectively called withdrawal. Stopping drug use can be very difficult because the withdrawal symptoms are often very unpleasant. Chapter 9

32. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Drugs and the Brain Addiction is a Treatable Disease Drug addiction is a brain disorder, and it is treatable. Most communities offer a variety of treatment programs for addiction. The best way to avoid addiction is to avoid drugs of abuse altogether. Chapter 9

33. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Click below to watch the Brain Food Video Quiz that accompanies this chapter. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Brain Food Video Quiz

34. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu End of Chapter 9 Show

35. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Drugs Chapter 9

36. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Drugs Chapter 9

37. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “If you stand straight, do not fear a crooked shadow.” —Chinese Proverb

38. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “One falsehood spoils a thousand truths.” —African Proverb

39. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “A man cannot be comfortable without his own approval.” —Mark Twain

40. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Our reverence is good for nothing if it does not begin with self-respect.” —Oliver Wendell Holmes

41. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “When the character of a man is not clear to you, look at his friends.” —Japanese Proverb

42. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “What lies behind us and what lies before us are small matters compared to what lies within us.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

43. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “A good name, like good will, is got by many actions and lost by one.” —Lord Jeffrey

44. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “To enjoy the things we ought and to hate the things we ought has the greatest bearing on excellence of character.” —Aristotle

45. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “He that respects himself is safe from others; He wears a coat of mail that none can pierce.” —Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

46. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “The reputation of a thousand years may be determined by the conduct of one hour.” —Japanese Proverb

47. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Dreams are the touchstones of our character.” —Henry David Thoreau

48. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “A man’s character is his fate.” —Heraclitus

49. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is that which reveals moral purpose, exposing the class of things a man chooses and avoids.” —Aristotle

50. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “What you do speaks so loud that I cannot hear what you say.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

51. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Abstinence is the surety of temperance.” —Plato

52. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “This above all, to thine own self be true/And it must follow, as the night the day/ Thou canst not then be false to any man.” —William Shakespeare

53. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “No change of circumstances can repair a defect of character.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

54. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Men acquire a particular quality by constantly acting a particular way... you become just by performing just actions, temperate by performing temperate actions, brave by performing brave actions.” —Aristotle

55. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “The way to gain a good reputation is to endeavor to be what you desire to appear.” —Socrates

56. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Do what you know and perception is converted into character.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

57. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Rather fail with honor than succeed by fraud.” —Sophocles

58. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is higher than intellect.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

59. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “To know what is right and not do it is the worst cowardice.” —Confucius

60. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “It takes less time to do a thing right, than it does to explain why you did it wrong.” —Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

61. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Nature magically suits a man to his fortunes, by making them the fruit of his character.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

62. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “That soul that can be honest is the only perfect man.” —John Fletcher

63. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “One does evil enough when one does nothing good.” —German Proverb

64. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “There is no pillow so soft as a clear conscience.” —French Proverb

65. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Don't forget to love yourself.” —Soren Kierkegaard

66. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is the indelible mark that determines the only true value of all people and all their work.” —Orison Swett Marden

67. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “What we think or what we believe is, in the end, of little consequence. The only thing of consequence is what we do.” —John Ruskin

68. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Fame is vapor, popularity an accident, riches take wing, and only character endures.” —Horace Greeley

69. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “You can easily judge the character of a man by how he treats those who can do nothing for him.” —James D. Miles

70. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Right is right, even if everyone is against it; and wrong is wrong, even if everyone is for it.” —William Penn

71. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds.” —George Eliot

72. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is the result of two things: mental attitude and the way we spend our time.” —Elbert Hubbard

73. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “A man without character is like a ship without a rudder.” —Karl G. Maeser

74. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is much easier kept than recovered.” —Thomas Paine

75. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is power.” —Booker T. Washington

76. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “An individual step in character training is to put responsibility on the individual.” —Robert Baden-Powell

77. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is a by-product; it is produced in the great manufacture of daily duty.” —Woodrow T. Wilson