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Published byLetitia Whitehead Modified over 8 years ago
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4 Early River Valley Civilizations ______________________- Tigris & Euphrates Rivers (Mesopotamia) _________________________- Nile River Harappan Civilization - Indus River _________________________- Huang He (Yellow) River PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
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__________________ _______________ Located in present day Iraq. Mostly dry desert EXCEPT between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers - __________________ _________________ Fertile Crescent
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__________________________ Both rivers flooded Dry summer months No natural barriers (size of Massachusetts) Need protection! Limited natural resources such as?
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Unpredictable flooding SOLUTION SOLUTION – No natural barriers (size of Massachusetts) SOLUTION – Limited natural resources (wood, metals and tools) SOLUTION –
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Each city-state had its ____________________ Originally priests held all the power As wars became more frequent, kings took over Why? Because the kings were military leaders ________________: system in which monarchs (rulers) pass power from father to son Monarchs ruled city-states City and the surrounding land it controlled
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_______________ – belief in many gods (about 3,000) Sumerians worshipped their gods at temples called ziggurats Surrounded by wall for protection Served varied purposes: store grain, ceremonies, sacrifices CENTER OF CITY LIFE
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Babylonian Ziggurat Ziggurat at Ur
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BIG QUESTION HHow does what’s happening to people at any given moment affect how they think about their God(s)? Epic of Gilgamesh
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Based off of ____________________________ Grain grown for food and traded for other goods Marketplace/bazaar: ___________________
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_____________________ Wheel, sail, and the plow FIRST to use bronze Other achievements… Earliest sketched maps Astronomy A number system
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Sumerian invention – system of writing Took the form of pictographs – wedge shaped symbols Only used by scribes – men that were trained Baked clay tablets in the sun to preserve the writing
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Under the leadership of individual kings, leaders start looking to expand their city- states Why? Land (crops, people, crafts)= wealth This marks the beginning of empires ______________ : a group of nations or peoples ruled by one leader
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Founder: Sargon of Akkad Adopted many of the Sumerian practices/beliefs for his empire Expanded his city-state from the north of Sumer to the Persian Gulf
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___________________ created an empire out of the former Akkadian territories Relocated capital to Babylon Maintained Sumerian practices Language and religion Hammurabi wanted to stabilize his rule by ________________________ ________________
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First ____________ code of law Engraved on stone and placed throughout the empire BIG QUESTION Why do you think he believed it important to place the laws in all throughout the empire where people could visibly see them?
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Strict in nature – “the punishment fits the crime”/“eye for an eye” Laws were applied differently to different ____________ and different__________ __________________ A new way of thinking – the _________________ was responsible for what occurred in society.
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