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Chapter 4 Earth Science ROCKS
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Words to Know – Section 1 The Rock Cycle rock rock cycle
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mixture of one or more minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials; can be igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary rock
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model that describes how rocks slowly change from one form to another through time rock cycle
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Words to Know – Section 2 Igneous Rocks igneous rock lava intrusive extrusive basaltic granitic
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rock formed when magma or lava cools and hardens igneous rock
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molten rock that flows from volcanoes onto Earth’s surface lava
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describes a type of igneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth’s surface intrusive
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describes fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth’s surface extrusive
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describes dense, dark-colored igneous rock formed from magma rich in magnesium and iron and poor in silica basaltic
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describes generally light- colored, silica-rich igneous rock that is less dense than basaltic rock granitic
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Words to Know – Section 3 Metamorphic Rocks metamorphic rock foliated nonfoliated
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forms when heat, pressure, or fluids act on igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rock to change its form or composition, or both metamorphic rock
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describes metamorphic rock, such as slate and gneiss, whose mineral grains line up in parallel layers foliated
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describes metamorphic rock, such as quartzite or marble, whose mineral grains grow and rearrange but generally do not form layers nonfoliated
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Words to Know – Section 4 Sedimentary Rocks sediment sedimentary rock compaction cementation
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loose materials, such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and the remains of once-living plants and animals, that have been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity sediment
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forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together or when minerals form from solutions sedimentary rock
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process that forms sedimentary rocks when layers of sediments are compressed by the weight of the layers above them compaction
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sedimentary rock-forming process in which sediment grains are held together by natural cements that are produced when water moved through rock and soil cementation
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