LOGO Addressing the network IPv4 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT1.

LOGO Addressing the network IPv4 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT1

IP addressing – works at  OSI model layer 3  TCP/IP model Internet layer 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data link Physical Application Transport Internet Network Access TCP, UDP IP Ethernet, WAN technologies HTTP, FTP, TFTP, SMTP etc Segment Packet Frame Bits Data stream 2

Addressing topics  Binary and decimal  Types of IP addresses  Assigning addresses  Network part and subnet masks  Calculating addresses  Ping and Traceroute Utilities 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT3

Binary and decimal  Convert to 8-bit binary  248  187  89  Convert to decimal  00110100  01010101  11001111 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT4

248 to binary 1286432168421 11111000 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT 248 -128 120 24 -16 8 56 -32 24 120 -64 56

187 to binary 1286432168421 10111011 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT 187 -128 59 27 -16 11 11 -8 3 59 -32 27 3 -2 1

89 to binary 1286432168421 01011001 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT 89 -64 25 25 -16 9 9 -8 1

00110100 to decimal 1286432168421 00110100 32164 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT 32 +16 + 4 52 52

01010101 to decimal 1286432168421 01010101 641641 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT 64 +16 + 4 + 1 85 85

11001111 to decimal 1286432168421 11001111 128648421 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT 128 + 64 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 207 207

Binary and decimal  Convert to 8-bit binary  24811111000  18710111011  8901011001  Convert to decimal  0011010052  0101010185  11001111207 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT11

IPv4 address 192.168.21.17 11000000101010000001010100010001 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT octet network parthost part 255. 0 11111111 00000000 Prefix /24 Subnet mask: 12

Find the network address 192.168.21.17 11000000101010000001010100010001 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT In a network address, all the host bits are 0. 192.168.21.0 11000000101010000001010100000000 The router needs to do this for every packet. 13

Logical AND 192.168.21.17 11000000101010000001010100010001 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT 255. 0 11111111 00000000 Do a logical AND at each position 192.168.21.0 11000000101010000001010100000000 14

Find the broadcast address 192.168.21.17 11000000101010000001010100010001 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT In a broadcast address, all the host bits are 1. 192.168.21.255 11000000101010000001010111111111 The broadcast is the last address in the network. 15

3 types of address  Every network has: 1.Network address – the first one 2.Broadcast address – the last one 3.Host addresses – everything in between 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT16

Classful addressing 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT 10.17.53.60 network parthost part A 172.16.38.201 network parthost part B 192.168.21.17 network parthost part C 17

Classful addressing  Easy to work out but very wasteful.  Routers and hosts still assume class subnet masks by default  Class A/8255.0.0.0  Class B/16255.255.0.0  Class C/24255.255.255.0 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT18

Classless addressing  Any suitable prefix can be used  We (and devices) need to know what the prefix is.  More flexible, less wasteful. 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT19

Classless addressing /16  172.16.0.0/16 mask 255.255.0.0  Broadcast address 172.16.255.255  Hosts 172.16.0.1 to 172.16.255.254  65534 host addresses (256 x 256)-2 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT 172.16.0.0 101011000001000000000000 20

Classless addressing /24  172.16.0.0/24 mask 255.255.255.0  Broadcast address 172.16.0.255  Hosts 172.16.0.1 to 172.16.0.254  254 host addresses 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT 172.16.0.0 101011000001000000000000 21

Calculating addresses  A host has IP address 192.168.1.70/24  What is the subnet mask?  What is the network address?  What is the broadcast address?  What is the range of host addresses in the network? 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT25

192.168.1.70/24 – fill in the table Last octet binary Last octet decimal Full Host Subnet mask Network Broadcast First host Last host 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT26

192.168.1.70/24 Last octet binary Last octet decimal Full Host0100011070192.168.1.70 Subnet mask000000000255.255.255.0 Network000000000192.168.1.0 Broadcast11111111255192.168.1.255 First host000000011192.168.1.1 Last host11111110254192.168.1.254 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT27

192.168.1.70/26 fill in the table Last octet binary Last octet decimal Full Host Subnet mask Network Broadcast First host Last host 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT29

192.168.1.70/28 fill in the table Last octet binary Last octet decimal Full Host Subnet mask Network Broadcast First host Last host 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT32

Internet Protocol Version 4  Classfull IPv4 classfull adalah IP yang sudah terbagi bagi menjadi beberapa kelas dengan masing-masing subnet mask dari tiap kelas sudah diset default. Subnetting tidak bisa dilakukan pada IP address classfull. Kelas IP Octet pertama Subnet Mask A 0-126 255.0.0.0 B 128-191 255.255.0.0 C 192-223 255.255.255.0 D (multicast) 224-239 - E (reserved) 240-255 - 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT34

 Classless Pada Ipv4 classless,Subnetting dapat dilakukan sesuai dengan kebutuhan, sehingga Ipv4 classless ini lebih fleksible dan effisien. Namun ada beberapa alamat IP yang tidak bisa dijadikan alamat host. Kelas Range A 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 B 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 C 192.168.0.0- 192.168.255.255 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT35 Internet Protocol Version 4

Latihan Soal  Kelas B : 172.16.0.0 / 20 Jumlah subnet ? Jumlah host/subnet ? Block Subnet ? Tuliskan semua blok subnet (Subnet, Host Pertama, Host Terakhir, Broadcast)  Kelas B : 172.16.0.0/25  Kelas A : 10.0.0.0/16 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT36

TUGAS / PR  192.168.2.0/28  172.16.0.64/24  10.0.16.0/12 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT37 Hitunglah : 1. Jumlah subnet ? 2. Jumlah host/subnet ? 3. Block Subnet ? 4. Tuliskan semua blok subnet

Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast  Unicast – a message addressed to one host  Broadcast – a message addressed to all hosts on a network. Uses network’s broadcast address or 255.255.255.255 locally  Multicast – a message addressed to a group of hosts. Uses an address starting 224 - 239 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT38

Private IP addresses  Penggunaan tak terbatas pada jaringan pribadi. Tidak diarahkan di Internet  10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0/8)  172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0/20)  192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0/24) 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT39

Public IP addresses  Routed over the Internet  Master holder is IANA  Assigned to regional registries and then to ISPs  ISPs allocate them to organisations and individual users  Use is strictly controlled as duplicate addresses are not allowed 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT40

Special addresses  0.0.0.0 “all addresses” in default route. Hosts cannot be given addresses starting 0.  127.0.0.1 is loopback. Hosts cannot be given addresses starting 127.  240.0.0.0 and higher – reserved for experimental purposes.  169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 local only  192.0.2.0 to 192.0.2.255 for teaching 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT41

Network address translation  A large number of hosts on a network use private addresses to communicate with each other.  The ISP allocates one or a few public addresses.  NAT allows the hosts to share the public addresses when they want to use the Internet 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT42

Addressing hosts  Static addressing – address is configured by an administrator  Servers, printers, routers, switches need static addresses  Dynamic addressing – address is allocated automatically by DHCP by leasing addresses from a pool  Dynamic addressing is best for workstations 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT43

Blocks of addresses UseAddress rangeSummary Network address192.168.1.0192.168.1.0/25 User hosts192.168.1.1-127 Servers192.168.1.128 - 191192.168.1.128/26 Peripherals192.168.1.192 - 223192.168.1.192/27 Network devices192.168.1.224 - 253192.168.1.224/27 Router192.168.1.254 Broadcast192.168.1.255 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT

Subnetting 192.168.1.0/24 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT Address192.168.1.000000000 Subnet mask255.255.255.000000000 Last octet binary Borrow 1 bit from host part, give it to network part, /25 Addresses192.168.1.0 192.168.1.128 00000000 10000000 Subnet mask255.255.255.12810000000 45

Subnetting 192.168.1.0/24 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT Borrow 2 bits from host part, give to network part, /26 Addresses192.168.1.0 192.168.1.64 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.192 00000000 01000000 10000000 11000000 Subnet mask255.255.255.19211000000 46

Subnetting 192.168.1.0/24 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT Borrow 3 bits from host part, give to network part, /27 Addresses192.168.1.0 192.168.1.32 192.168.1.64 192.168.1.96 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.160 192.168.1.192 192.168.1.224 00000000 00100000 01000000 01100000 10000000 10100000 11000000 11100000 Subnet mask255.255.255.22411100000 47

Subnetting 192.168.1.0/24 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT Borrow 4 bits from host part, give to network part, /28 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.16 192.168.1.32 192.168.1.48 192.168.1.64 192.168.1.80 192.168.1.96 192.168.1.112 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.144 192.168.1.160 192.168.1.176 192.168.1.192 192.168.1.208 192.168.1.224 192.168.1.240 00000000 00010000 00100000 00110000 01000000 01010000 01100000 01110000 10000000 10010000 10100000 10110000 11000000 11010000 11100000 11110000 Subnet mask 255.255.255.240 11110000 And so on… 48

Subnetting 192.168.1.0/24  Every time you borrow another bit you:  Double the number of subnets  Halve the size of the subnets  Each subnet has a network address, a broadcast address, and everything in between is a host address.  Here are some ways of visualising the process. 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT49

Subnetting 192.168.1.0/24 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT Bits borrowed123456 No of networks248163264 Prefix/25/26/27/28/29/30 Bit value/ network size 12864321684 No of hosts12662301462 Subnet mask128192224240248252 50

Subnet chart 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT51

Subnetting  There are many subnet calculators, but you will not be able to use them in exams.  Start with the biggest subnet and work down to the smallest.  Make sure the subnets are valid sizes with valid subnet masks.  Make sure that there are no overlaps. 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT52

Ping and traceroute  Ping sends an ICMP message. If all is well, the destination replies. If not, a router may reply to say the destination is unreachable, or the ping may time out.  Traceroute sends a series of messages so that each router along the path replies. You get a list of addresses of all the routers. 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT53

IPv6  Development started in 1990s because of concerns about IPv4 addresses running out  A whole new protocol suite – not just layer 3  Uses 128-bit hierarchical addressing, written using hexadecimal  Simpler header  Integrated security – authentication, privacy  Quality of service mechanisms 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT54

LOGO Thank You Ref: S Ward Abingdon and Witney College 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT55

LOGO Addressing the network IPv4 8-Jul-16Jaringan Komputer_D3 TT1.

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