1. Date of download: 7/8/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Overstating the Evidence for Lung Cancer Screening: The International Early Lung Cancer Action Program (I-ELCAP) Study Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(21):2289-2295. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.21.2289 Lung Cancer Alliance sports celebrity advertisement. Figure Legend:

2. Date of download: 7/8/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Overstating the Evidence for Lung Cancer Screening: The International Early Lung Cancer Action Program (I-ELCAP) Study Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(21):2289-2295. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.21.2289 Lead-time bias. The diagram shows how earlier diagnosis will increase the survival statistic, even if death is not delayed. Figure Legend:

3. Date of download: 7/8/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Overstating the Evidence for Lung Cancer Screening: The International Early Lung Cancer Action Program (I-ELCAP) Study Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(21):2289-2295. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.21.2289 Overdiagnosis bias. The diagram shows how the detection of pseudodisease inflates the survival statistic even when the number of deaths is stable. Figure Legend:

4. Date of download: 7/8/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Overstating the Evidence for Lung Cancer Screening: The International Early Lung Cancer Action Program (I-ELCAP) Study Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(21):2289-2295. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.21.2289 Cycle of scans required in initial case series of spiral computed tomographic (CT) screening. The asterisk indicates that 9 patients were recommended to have only 1 year of follow-up. Figure Legend: