4.  Earthquake is caused by a sudden slipping or movement of a portion of the earth's crust, accompanied and followed by a series of vibrations. Aftershock An earthquake of similar or lesser intensity that follows the main earthquake.

5.  An earthquake is the shaking of the ground caused by an abrupt shift of rock along a fracture in the Earth, called a fault. Within seconds, an earthquake releases stress that has slowly accumulated within the rock, sometimes over hundreds of years.

6. This is a picture of earthquakes damage

7.  The effects of an earthquake are shaking and ground rupture, landslides, fires, soil liquefaction, Tsunami, floods, and high mortality rates.

8.  When the ground has had too much rain, it will soften the ground usually on sloped mountains. The soil underneath begins to detach and move.

9. Here is another picture of earth quakes damage

10. Here is a picture of landslide’s damage.

11.  Weak materials  Sensitive materials  Weathered materials  Sheared materials  Jointed or fissured materials  Adversely orientated discontinuities  Permeability contrasts  Material contrasts  Rainfall and snow fall

14.  A volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth. When pressure builds up, eruptions occur. Gases and rock shoot up through the opening and spill over or fill the air with lava fragments. Eruptions can cause lateral blasts, lava flows, hot ash flows, mudslides, avalanches, falling ash and floods. Volcano eruptions have been known to knock down entire forests. An erupting volcano can trigger tsunamis, flashfloods, earthquakes, mudflows and rock falls

15.  The earth has “plates” and when two plates hit each other, one goes under and becomes “molten” which means it gets so hot, the ground turns into liquid. The molten stuff finds a hole in the ground and comes out the top. All of the continents used to be just one big piece of land, but the land broke up and floated away and created the 7 continents we have now. This was called continental drift.

16.  Because of the way the ground broke, it created plates. Even though the ground is heavy, the plates continue to move and that can cause earthquakes and volcanoes. When two plates hit each other, one can go under and become“molten” which means it gets so hot, the ground turns into liquid. The molten stuff finds a hole in the ground and comes out the top. When the molten stuff is in the volcano it is called magma. When it explodes, it is called lava.

18.  volcanic event occurs when there is a sudden or continuing release of energy caused by near surface, or surface magma movement. The energy release can occur in the form of earthquakes, gas-emission at the surface, release of heat, explosive release of gases, and the non-explosive extrusion of magma. An event could be destructive without the release of solids or magmatic fluid, or be destructive with voluminous lava flows or explosive activity. 