1. DIFFERENT TYPES, CAUSES AND TREATMENTS Luz Navarro Ester Ortega Ainoa Ortiz

2. Communication Very important in daily life From the very begining to express … Disorders make communication more difficult Disorders make communication more difficult

3. There are different disorders related to… Language Speech MEANING Aphasia Apraxia Dysarthia PRONUNCIATION Stuttering Selective mutism Dysprosody

4. learning disability -> impairs a person’s fluency or comprehension in being able to read A child with dyslexia has trouble with the written or printed word. Dyslexia may include difficulty with: - Expressing ideas crearly - Letters and numbers - Spelling - Learning new vocabulary

5.  There are hereditary factors  No clear factors Causes of dyslexia Genetic causes Difficulties in pregnancy or childbirth Brain injury Emotional problems Other theories The right cerebral hemisphere performs its task at a slower speed than the left side.

6. Is diagnosed at the stage of learning literacy FIRST the teacher detects this difficulty BUT a psychologist must do an appropiate diagnosis Some areas that children show difficulty are:  With directions  To read maps  To remember correct names of things  To memorize lists of numbers

7. The child requires a specialist or tutor teach special strategies for teaching learning. TO Family support is VERY IMPORTANT Motivation at home is ESSENTIAL Is good to encourage them to develop other activities that give them CONFIDENCE SUCH AS Sports Arts Hobbies Change methodology For the child to feel more relax and comfortable.

8. Parts of the brain containing language skills

9. ExpressiveReceptive Trouble using words & sentences. Trouble understanding others. Global Aphasia

10. Symptoms Single words & Fragmented sentences Omit smaller words Wrong order Switch words or sounds Expressive AphasiaFast speech = Hard to follow Extra time Figurative speech = Literally

11. Aphasia affects each one diferently: Carry on a normal conversation Trouble understanding language long and complex Trouble finding words Don’t say/understand anything at all No cure but Treatment Frustrating in someone’s daily life

12. SOME EXAMPLES… A girl with aphasia: Trouble understanding some questions Trouble finding vocabulary to express herself Trouble with coherence Slow speech

13. DYSPROSODY and FOREIGN ACCENT SYMDROME Rare and acquired speech disorder Neurological causes Related to pronunciation Sometimes called “pseudo-foreign dialect”

14. Common Cause of F oreign A ccent S yndrome & D ysprosody Common Cause of F oreign A ccent S yndrome & D ysprosody ….BUT ALSO…. TraumaTrauma to the brain (tumours, lesions) Brain hemorrhage Multiple sclerosis

15. Symptoms Distorting the rhythm and tone of speech ….SUCH AS…. Making vowel sounds longer and lower (eg, changing English “yeah” or German “jah”) Changing sound quality by moving tongue or jaw differently while speaking Substituting words or using inappropriate words to describe something Stringing sentences together in the wrong way The “accent” that is adopted could be within the same language, such as American-English to British-English.

16. NO QUICK CURE Normal speech patterns over time … NEVERTHELESS … THERE ARE SOME TREATMENTS Speech therapy Counseling

17. STUTTERING FAMOUS PEOPLE : Marilyn Monroe Bruce Willis Winston Churchill

18. CONCLUSION Many pathologies Causes Solutions Brain injury Psycological/ Emotional Inheritance Not easy treatments No cure Dysprosody Stuttering Dyslexia Aphasia Apraxia

19. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stuttering www.empowher.com/media/reference/foreign-accent-syndrome# cuidadoinfantil.net/la-dislexia-y-sus-causas.html www.speechdisorder.co.uk/dysprosody.html www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslexia www.psicopedagogia.com/dislexia REFERENCES

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