2. The Revolution Begins

3. THE ALAMO

4. Review  Constitution of 1824 – It gave limited power to the central government and broad local authority to the states  Law of April 6, 1830 – Banned U.S. immigration into Mexico – Made it illegal to being more slaves into Mexico – Set up Custom Duties for goods that came from the United States

5. Review Continued…  Fredonian Rebellion – The Edwards brothers tried to declare independence from Mexico  Conflicts at Anahuac and Velasco

6. More Review  Turtle Bayou Resolution – In response to the Conflict at Anahuac – It said that they were loyal to Mexico  Conventions of 1832 &1833 – Wanted to make changes in the Mexican Government  Consultation – Wanted Mexico to make the changes suggested at the Conventions of 32 & 33 – Wrote a state Constitution

8. Battle of Gonzales

9.  October 2, 1835, the 1 st major conflict between TX and Mexico.  Mexican Colonel Ugartachea ordered the people of Gonzales to surrender their cannon.  The colonists said no and buried it.  Battle broke out, NO Texans were killed and the Mexican forces withdrew.  As a result, Mexican General Cós declared the actions at Gonzales as the outbreak of war.

10. ROAD TO REVOLUTION  Capture of Goliad – Colonist take the fort in response to Gen. Cos landing in Texas.  Grass Fight (November 26, 1835) – A rumor in the Texan camp said that Gen. Cos was carrying bags full of silver with him. – Some Texan troops decided to go take the bags. – A fight occurred and they got the bags! – They found out that the bags had nothing but grass to feed the Mexican horses.

11. Capture of San Antonio  On December 4, 1835 – Colonel Ben Milam led a group of 300 Texan Rebels to attack San Antonio.  The attack began at dawn. – They fought from house to house. (Guerilla warfare) – On December 6 Colonel Milam was killed by a sniper. – On December 9 the Mexican forces had been pushed out of the center of the town. – On December 10 General Cos surrendered.

12. Convention of 1836… Declaration of Independence  A meeting was held at Washington-on-the- Brazos with 59 delegates. (only 2 were native Texans)  On March 2, 1836, the Texas Declaration of Independence was written by George C. Childress and adopted.  The Texas Declaration was similar to the U.S. Declaration of independence.  It stated Santa Anna had violated the civil liberties guaranteed under the Mexican Constitution of 1824.  March 2 became, and still is, Texas Independence Day.

13. Convention of 1836…TX Constitution  On March 16, 1836 the Texas Constitution was approved.  The constitution was similar to the U.S.’s Constitution. – Three branches of govt. were created. – Called for a president (David G. Burnet) – Lorenzo De Zavala became the vice president – Called for a commander in chief of the Army (Sam Houston) – Slavery was made LEGAL.

14. Texans vs. Mexicans Ben MilamGeneral Cos

15. Meanwhile back at Washington on the Brazos  Sam Houston was elected commander of the Texan army. – He was worried that the untrained Texas Army couldn’t hold up against the well trained Mexican Army.  He sent Jim Bowie to look at the forces in San Antonio. – Bowie left with 30 men under his command.

17. What should be done with the Alamo  Houston wanted to destroy the Alamo and remove all the cannons to another fort. – He thought that the old fort was not fit to be defended and was no good since it was a former mission.  Houston was out voted. – Others thought that the Alamo was at a good defense point and needed to be saved.

18. People Start to Come to the Alamo TT he Governor of Texas told William B. Travis to raise a force and go to the Alamo. –T–Travis could only get 30 men. They left for San Antonio on February 3. NN ews of the fighting in Texas was spreading fast in the United States. –D–Davy Crockett led a group of volunteers from Tennessee. –J–James Bonham led a group of volunteers from Alabama called the Mobile Grays.

19. Santa Anna  Santa Anna was angry that the Texans had taken San Antonio.  He was determined to take San Antonio back. – Not only because it was an important city for Mexico. – But also to teach the Texans a lesson.

20. Santa Anna comes to Town  On February 23, 1836 Santa Anna marched in to San Antonio.  As the Mexican troops entered the city the defenders, their families, and some local residents rushed inside the Alamo.

21. What Santa Anna Wants  Santa Anna demanded a surrender. – The Texans answered with a cannon shot.  Santa Anna answered this with a large red flag that could be seen all over town. – This flag meant “No Quarter” or no survivors.

22. The Texans need Help  The Texans had about 150 men.  To successfully defend the Alamo they would need 1000 men. – The area around the Alamo was about 3 acres big.  So Travis wrote a letter and sent it by courier to ask for more volunteers.

25. The Siege Begins  On February 24, 1836 Santa Anna begins to fire on the fort. – He does this to break down the walls. – He fires all during the day and night so that the Texans can get no rest.  He also had his band play “El Degüello” which meant no mercy would be shown.

26. Hope for the Texans  On March 1, Captain Albert Martin led 32 volunteers from Gonzales.  Other messengers left the Alamo to get help but no other helped arrived. – Including Juan Seguín who had to leave his men to take the message.  This gave the final count as 189 Texans to over 2000 Mexicans.

27. March 6 th The Battle March 6 th  Around dawn the Texans awoke to the sound of the approaching Mexican troops and the Mexican band playing “El Degüello.”  The Texans tried to keep the Mexican soldiers back by firing their cannons.  After the Mexican troops were over the wall they used the cannons against the Texans.

31. After the Smoke Cleared  On March 6 th  On March 6 th, almost every Texan defender was killed. – At least 182 Texans were dead.  The Mexican casualties, those killed, during the battle, range from 600-1600.  Santa Anna thought that this would crush the Texans’ Rebellion.  It gave the Texans something to fight for!

32. Defenders at the Alamo Jim Bowie (led the volunteer army at the Alamo) William B. Travis (led the regular army)

33. Defenders at the Alamo James Bonham Davy Crockett

34. Survivors of the Alamo Juan Seguín Susannah Dickinson

35. Defenders of the Alamo  Juan Seguín – Led a group of Tejano troops. Tejano- A Mexican who calls TX home. Travis needed a person to sneak out of the Alamo to take a letter out. – Travis chose Seguín because he was a Tejano Seguín didn’t make it back to defend the Alamo. –All of his troops died.  Joe (William B. Travis’ Slave) – Santa Anna didn’t kill him because he did not fight.

36. Survivors of the Alamo  Susannah Dickinson – Married to one of the defenders. – Came to the Alamo for protection. Her husband died defending the Alamo. – Susannah and her daughter Angelina were the only white survivors.

37. Goliad  On March 19 th, 1836 Colonel James Fannin and General Urrea faced off at Coleto Creek.  A battle ensued with Urrea defeating the Texans commanded by Fannin.  Fannin surrendered because he was told by Urrea that he and his men’s lives would be spared.  As they were being marched back to Goliad, Urrea was given orders from Santa Anna to execute all Texan prisoners.  Some of Fannin’s men escaped but Fannin and nearly all of his men were massacred on March 27th, 1836.

38. Sam Houston’s Army  Since Sam Houston wasn’t able to aid the Texans at the Alamo and Goliad, he was able to build an army.  Although his army was poorly equipped and poorly trained, they were inspired by the massacres at the Alamo and Goliad.

39. Runaway Scrape  As the Mexican Army marched through Texas, towards Houston, they were burning towns, and killing Texans.  Texan families had heard about the Alamo and Goliad and were scared of the approaching Mexican Army.  As a result, Texans began fleeing their homes and this was known as the Runaway Scrape.

40. Battle of San Jacinto  Finally, Santa Anna and his army had reached Houston.  As Sam Houston and his army were close behind, word traveled that Santa Anna was near by.  On April 20, 1836, Houston’s army had the Mexican’s insight.  The next day, Houston and his army surprised Santa Anna and his army while they were resting.  After an 18 minute fight, the battle was over and Santa Anna was defeated.

41. Treaties of Velasco  Signed May 14, 1836  Public Treaty – Santa Anna promised to never go against TX again. – Ordered to remove ALL Mexican forces out of TX immediately.  Private Treaty – Santa Anna escorted back to Mexico. – He also had to agree as the Rio Grande as the boundary between TX and Mexico.

42. Public Treaty Private Treaty

43. Key Texans at San Jacinto Sam Houston Juan Seguin (Texas Leader) (Led a group of Tejano’s)

44. Key Texan’s… Mirabeau Lamar Erastus “Deaf” Smith “Led the Texas cavalry” Destroyed a bridge that cut off Santa Anna and kept him from retreating.

45. Scenes from San Jacinto

46. “18 Minutes”

47. Santa Anna surrendering to Sam Houston. Houston is lying on the ground.