1. Do Now – Identify the Text Structure of each passage. 1) The ice-cream shop around the corner from my house has the best ice-cream in the city. When you first walk inside, there is a long chrome counter with matching stools extending alongside the far wall. Right where the counter stops, the booth seating begins. There are lots of old-timey knickknacks on the walls and chrome napkin holders on all the tables. My favorite part of the shop is behind the counter glass, where they keep all of the ice-cream flavors. 2) Have you ever had an ice-cream headache? That’s when a painful sensation resonates in your head after eating something cold (usually ice-cream) on a hot day. This pain is produced by the dilation of a nerve center in the roof of your mouth. The nerve center is overreacting to the cold by trying to heat your brain. Ice-cream headaches have turned many smiles to frowns.

2. Word of the Day gawk \ˈgȯk\ verb look with amazement; look stupidly His weekly long run is 25 miles, winding through the beaches and hills and traffic- clogged streets of Freetown, where throngs of bystanders gawk and cheer.

3. Before we begin: Announcements Storyboards Due Today!!! This is a Standard of Excellence, which must be completed before you graduate.

4. Objective/s Today, we will examine cause and effect relationships in “Hop Frog” by Edgar Allan Poe.

5. Why is this important? Many authors use cause and effect in their writing. Cause and effect helps you understand how a story's events are connected and also helps you understand why a character acts in a certain way.

6. A cause is why something happens. An effect is what happens because of that cause. When you read, look for cause-and-effect relationships. Think about these questions: Does this passage tell you why something happens? Does this event cause something else to happen? Is the character doing this because of something that happened?

7. You can find cause and effect by looking for clue words. Because, since, so, and as a result all tell you that you're reading about a cause-and-effect relationship. PASSAGES MAY NOT ALWAYS HAVE THESE CLUE WORDS

8. Practice – Identify the cause/s and effect/s As 300,000 people awoke on Friday to learn that their tap water was unsafe for brushing teeth, brewing coffee or showering, residents and businesses expressed a mix of anger and anxiety in coping with an industrial accident with no clear end in sight. Officials said that up to 5,000 gallons of an industrial chemical used in coal processing seeped from a ruptured storage tank into the Elk River, just upstream of the intake pipes for the regional water company. - From New York Times, January 10, 2014

9. Background Edgar Allan Poe is the father of the modern detective/thriller/horror/crime genre