1. Do Now: Practice Regents Question
A researcher wanted to test the effectiveness of a new antibiotic on Streptococcus pyrogenes, the species of bacteria that causes strep throat. Bacteria were added to dish 1, dish 2, and dish 3. A disk soaked in the new antibiotic was then placed in dish 2. Dish 3 was set up as the control. The dishes are shown in the diagram below.
State a hypothesis
What was added to dish 2 to make it the experimental group?
What was added to dish 3 to make it the control group?
What is the Independent Variable?
What is the Dependent Variable?

2. Review Questions What is the function of the Nucleus? What is DNA?
Why would a cell want to replicate it’s DNA before it divides into two new cells?
Place these words in order: Chromosome, DNA, gene, nucleus
If all cells have the same DNA, how do we assign them specific jobs?
Stores DNA
Instructions to maintain homeostasis. Blueprints of life.
So that both cells have copy of the instructions
They only have access to certain parts of the DNA

3. Nucleus
DNA
Chromosome
Gene

4. How do we assign cells jobs?
ALL CELLS HAVE IDENTICAL DNA
Cell that have been assigned jobs only have access to certain parts of the DNA.
RBC
WBC
RBC
Skin
WBC
Muscle
RBC
Skin

5. Use the glossary to look up Key Words
Have your homework ready to be checked.

6. Asexual Reproduction: Form of Reproduction that requires 1 parent and produces IDENTICAL offspring.

7. Regeneration
Regeneration: Cells divide to create identical cells used to replace lost appendage

8. Budding
Budding: Cell division creates identical cells that form a bud that develops into offspring.

9. Binary Fission
Binary Fission: Cell Divides to create two identical cells.

10. Mitosis = Identical Cell Division

11. DNA is found in the nucleus
Sections of DNA are organized into chromosomes.
Genes are found on chromosomes.

12. Mitosis
Mitosis: Process in which chromosomes line up and split apart to create two identical cells.
During Mitosis the cell splits once.
It creates Diploid Body cells
Somatic Cell = Body Cell

13. PMAT
Prophase
Metaphase
Middle
Anaphase
Apart
Telophase

14. Diploid Cells Each cell has 2 copies of each chromosome.
One from mom and one from dad.
These are called diploid cells.
Di- 2
-ploid- chromosome
Diploid Cells: Cells that have two copies of each chromosome.

15. Mitosis

16. Cancer – Out of control Mitosis

17. It requires the union of haploid sex cells.
Sexual Reproduction: Form of Reproduction that requires 2 parents and produces offspring DIFFERENT from the parents.
It requires the union of haploid sex cells.
One from mom (egg) and one from dad (sperm). =
Sperm
Egg
Zygote

18. Zygote: First Body Cell
This mixing of genetic information provides for VARIATION within the species.

19. Meiosis
Meiosis: Cell Division occurs twice to cut chromosome number in half
During Meiosis the cell splits twice.
Chromosome number is cut in half.
Therefore each cell has one copy of each chromosome.
Haploid: A sex cell that has one copy of each chromosome.
Remember! = 2
***Sexual Reproduction takes half the genetic information from mom and adds the other half from dad. Sex cells deliver this information!

20. Crossing Over
Since the genes are scrambled, the offspring carry different traits every time reproduction occurs. This creates variation! Think about brothers and sisters. Same parents, different offspring!

21. Male Reproductive System
Bladder
Bladder
Vas deferens
Prostate
Prostate
Urethra
Testicle
Vas deferens
Penis
Penis
Testicle

22. Male Sex
Hormone =
Testosterone

23. Female Reproductive System
Fallopian Tube
Fallopian Tube
Ovary
Ovary
Uterus
Uterus
Vagina
Vagina

24. Progesterone and Estrogen
Female Sex
Hormone =
Progesterone and Estrogen

25. Stage 1: Maturation of egg
Stage 4: Menstruation “Period” Uterine lining is removed
Stage 2: Ovulation – Release of Egg
Stage 3: Progesterone signals for the lining of the uterus

26. Fertilization Fertilization
Stage 1: Egg is released through the process of ovulation.
Stage 2: Sperm enters body.
Stage 3: 1 lucky sperm fuses with the egg.
Stage 4: Fertilized embryo goes through rapid mitosis.
Stage 5:Embryo implants itself onto the uterine wall.

27. Placenta: provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing baby, and gets rid of waste.
Amnion: sac that surrounds developing baby
Umbilical Cord: Connects Baby to Placenta

28. Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis: Test that analyzes amniotic fluid for certain genetic disorders.
Karyotype: Chart of all the chromosomes of an individual.
Examples: Trisomy 21, Tay-Sachs

29. Fertilization  Zygote  Mitosis  Differentiation  Growth