1. Post WWII Italy The Road to Italy’s Rebirth

2. Key Topics Post WWII Italy 1. Rise and Fall and Dismantling Fascism 2. Abolishing the Monarchy 3. Constitutional Structure of Italian Republic after WWII 4. Key Political Parties and Challenges of Coalition Governments 5. Role in European Integration and Western Defense 6. Italy and the Vatican http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/photolib/m aps/Map_of_Italy_Central_Europe_and_the_Balk ans_1949.jpg Map of Italy 1949

3. Rise and Fall and Dismantling Fascism March 1919: Mussolini forms Fascist Party o Black Shirts 1921: Fascism joined Coalition Government 1925: Mussolini as Dictator o 1939: Pact of Steel July 1943: Mussolini overthrown o Mussolini fled to Switzerland  April 28th, 1945: Mussolini was shot and killed End of Fascism 5 New Parties were formed July 1945: Alcide de Gasperi formed All Party Government http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Mus sd.jpg http://fascistitaly.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/benito-mussolini1.jpeg Benito Mussolini Fascist Party, Black Shirts

4. Abolishing the Monarchy Monarchy: Control over foreign affairs and armed forces Victor Emmanuel II: 1861-1868, Umberto I: 1870- 1990, Victor Emmanuel III: 1900-1946, Umberto II: 1946, all hurt Parliamentary Government Overthrowing Mussolini New Republic: Enrico Mattei April 18, 1948: Democrazia Cristiana won vote o Birth of Italian Anomaly 1948-1993: Blocked Parliamentary Government 1980s and 90s: Second Republic o Tangentopoli: Widespread corruption, government debt, Mafia’s stranglehold on public life and politician’s antics in parliament 2001: “Freedom House” Beppe Grillo’s “5 Star Movement” 2014: Matteo Renzi (Third Prime Minister) http://corruzione.liberapiemonte.it/wp- content/uploads/sites/5/2012/02/corruzione.jpg Tangentopoli

5. Constitutional Structure of Italian Republic after WWII Dec 22, 1947: Italian Republic→ approved by Assemblea Contituente 3 Main Groups o christian democratic solidaristic, socialist-communist, and liberal Legislative Act/Accomplishment of Constitution Italian Constitution: 4 different views Division of Powers: Established by bicameral parliament 3 Branches of Government http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/it/e/e2/Costituente_aula.jpg Assemblea Contituente http://historyworld4.wikispaces.com/file/view/g ovstructure.gif/114257877/297x198/govstruct ure.gif 3 Branches of Government

6. Key Political Parties and the Challenges of Coalition Governments 1992-1997 Center-Left Parties→Olive Tree Coalition Center-Right→House of Freedoms May 2001: Forza Italia http://www.trbimg.com/img-52962cab/turbine/la-fg-wn-italy- silvio-berlusconi-senate-vote-2-001/600 Forza Italia http://upload.wikimedia.org/wiki pedia/en/thumb/1/14/Logo_Uliv o_2006.png/120px- Logo_Ulivo_2006.png vs Olive Tree Coalition http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/i/it%7Dcdl.gif House of Freedoms

7. Role in European Integration and Western Defense European Integration Developed in 3 ways o Economic, Diplomatic and Military, and Political Marshall Plan: Harvard, June 5, 1947 Brussels Treaty: March 17, 1948 North Atlantic Treaty: January 1, 1949 Council of Europe: November 26, 1948 o Charter of Council of Europe: May 5, 1949 at Palace of Saint James in London http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/ Palais_Universitaire_de_Strasbourg- 10_ao%C3%BBt_1949.jpg/220px- Palais_Universitaire_de_Strasbourg- 10_ao%C3%BBt_1949.jpg file://localhost/Users/jillianbowdring/Desktop/Truman_sig ning_North_Atlantic_Treaty.jpg Signing of North Atlantic Treaty Council of Europe

8. Italy and the Vatican Smallest Independent state in the world Surrounded by Rome, capital of Italy Population: Nuns and Priests Lateran Treaty: 1929 o Prisoners in the Vatican http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17994868 http://www.shc.edu/theolibrary/graphics/vatican1.jpg

9. Alcune Domande? (Any Questions?) Jillian Bowdring