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Seed Germination and Growth Spencer Horticulture Curriculum 2011
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Seed Production Sexual Process Pollination: Union of: Pollen: Male sex cell Egg: Female sex cell Cross Pollination: separate plants Self Pollination: same plants
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The Seed Seed Coat: Outer covering Endosperm: Food Storage Tissue Embryo: Undeveloped Plant
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Corn Seed Anatomy
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Germination: Monocot C: Hypocotyl: Seed to first node D: Radical: First root First Leaves
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Corn Seed Germination
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Germination: Dicot E: Hypocotyl: radicle to first node C/B: Radicle: First root D: Epicotyl: Above first node (growing point)
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Dicot Germination
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Germination: Dicot H: First Leaf: True Leaves G: Seed Leaves F: Epicotyl (growing point) Notice Tap Root F
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Germination: Dicot
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Seed Selection Right seed for the area Germination and Purity Pure Live Seed = Germination * Purity Seed that… Has Vigor: active growth Is Uniform: consistent crop Heavyweight/Primed
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Germination Media pH = right for plant (6-7.5) Fertile (plant nutrients) Uniform texture Sterile: pest free (weeds, insects, diseases) Porous = good drainage
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Germination Media Soil Organic Matter 5% Minerals 45% Air 25% Water 25%
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Germination Media Construction Grade Sand Porous: provides drainage Poor fertility Peat Moss Partially decomposed vegetation Good water holding capacity
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Germination Media Sphagnum Peat Moss Dehydrated vegetation remains Relatively sterile and light weight Excellent water holding capacity Perlite Gray/White material Volcanic origin Provides drainage and aeration
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Germination Media Vermiculite Light weight; expands when heated Neutral pH Good water holding capacity Jiffy Mix Equal mix of: Sphagnum peat moss, peat moss, Vermiculite, plus essential nutrients
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Germination Media General purpose 1/3 Soil 1/3 Perlite 1/3 Peat Moss Sterilized 180 degrees F for 30 minutes Infertile Nutrients must be supplemented
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Sowing Seed Indirect seeding Seed is sown separate from place of maturity Transplanted at least once before reaching permanent growing area Factors Timing: target sales date Proper seeding: depth/placement Proper labeling: Name, Variety, Date
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Germination Watering Capillary action is best Water is drawn up through flat Avoids washing out seed Avoids burying seed too deep Temperature Bottom heat needed (65-70 degrees) Retain humidity: covered w/clear plastic
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Transplanting Timing After first true leaves form Cotyledons: seed leaves True leaves: form above cotyledons Procedure Hold seedlings by true leaves Avoid bruising = plant death Retain soil media Root exposure = drying out
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Summary Describe self vs. cross pollination Describe monocot vs. dicot Examples of monocots & dicots Describe monocot germination Describe dicot germination Soil media ingredients General purpose soil
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Summary Indirect vs. direct seeding Sterilization procedure Best watering practice Germination requirements Transplanting procedure
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