1. Fascist States -Nations with one party in control (prevalent in Europe and Asia prior to WWII) -Uses idea of Nationalism and revenge to gain support -Promise the promotion of their country at the expense of “lesser” peoples -(Germany-Jews, Japanese-Chinese) -The greater the crisis, the greater the demand for leadership -Provide scapegoats for the problems of their country

2. Fascist States -Party control of everything + Dictator = False propaganda to gain support -Crushes all opposition -Imperialism to increase strength and increase pride in their country – leads to other conflicts -Generally a very militaristic government and society -Notice that all of the causes of WWI will be in existence at the start of WWII in 1939. Many of these (Nationalism, Militarism, and Imperialism) are at the center of these totalitarian governments

3. Nazi Germany - Hitler Takes control of German Political system as dictator Assumes all power after being appointed Chancellor –Hindenbergh gave Hitler post in an attempt to unify government –Reichstag was controlled by Hitler’s party as well – Nazi - National Socialist German Worker’s Party First move is to wipe out all Opposition –Nazis set fire and frame radicals (Communists) –Nazis given power to rule all of Germany –Hitler ordered the arrest of Communists –All other opposition is eliminated Hitler’s Secret police, the Gestapo, forced an alliance to the Nazi Party Propaganda Machine - Joseph Goebbels –Propaganda - Information of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view –Lied to people to gain support, promoted hatred of Jews, called for support of the Third Reich

4. Nazi Germany - Hitler Nazi Imperialism –Goal was to create the “Third Reich” - 3rd German Empire – Lebensraum - living space for German speaking people – Anschluss - Union with Austria & annex Sudentenland Racism of the Nazis –Jews not only group that was considered inferior –Gypsies, disabled, homosexuals, non-German’s, Communists –“Final Solution” - ridding Germany of the above groups –Viewed Slavs as an “inferior race,” planned to enslave them Played on poor conditions of the time –Promised through propaganda that the effects of the Great Depression would be solved in the Nazi plan was followed –Gave people hope –Wanted revenge after Treaty of Versailles of 1919 (felt Germany was betrayed and never truly beaten) –Hitler believes the Treaty is just a “piece of paper”

5. Communist Russia - Stalin The Soviet Union was led by Josef Stalin who is known as the “Man of Steel” Wanted to make model Communist nation –Controlled everything under the communist system –Reform of industry and agriculture Collectivization of Agriculture –Large, state owned and run farms too land from people and enslaved farmers to work at the large farms –Led to starvation Soviet Union as an Industrial Power –”Five Year Plans” - fixed quotas for industrial production –Made Soviet Union 3rd greatest industrial nation in the world

6. Communist Russia - Stalin Secret Police forced adherence to Communist System –“Cheka” KGB is his spy organization at home and abroad Those found criticizing the system were sent to Siberia for “re-education” - Constant “purges” of educated elite, political opponents and other people opposed to Stalin’s/Communist rule Reconstruction (“ Five Year Plans” ) and persecution led to mass death and executions (Estimated that 8-13 million died due to actions of Stalin)

7. How similar were the methods by which Hitler and Stalin governed Germany and the USSR respectively during the 1930s? “cult of personality” – propaganda“cult of personality” – propaganda Only one party (Nazi; Communist)Only one party (Nazi; Communist) Control of education; Hitler Youth, Young CommunistsControl of education; Hitler Youth, Young Communists Secret Police; Gestapo, ChekaSecret Police; Gestapo, Cheka Censorship; PravdaCensorship; Pravda Eliminate all resistors; concentration camps, purgesEliminate all resistors; concentration camps, purges

8. Differences Hitler is racist; anti-SemitismHitler is racist; anti-Semitism Stalin is communist/socialistStalin is communist/socialist Hitler is capitalist/private enterpriseHitler is capitalist/private enterprise Stalin’s collectivizationStalin’s collectivization Hitler’s invasionsHitler’s invasions Stalin: economic industrializationStalin: economic industrialization –(in Russia) Hitler: military industrializationHitler: military industrialization