1. NAME:ABDULRAHEEM YUSUF BOLAJI DEPARTMENT: ACCOUNTING MATIC NUMBER : 12 /SMS02/002 COURSE:MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM ASSIGNMENT "The recent advancement and applications in Touch Screen Technology” DEFINITION:A touch screen is a computer display screen that is also an input device. The screens are sensitive to pressure; a user interacts with the computer by touching pictures or words on the screen. There are three types of touch screen technology: Resistive: A resistive touch screen panel is coated with a thin metallic electrically conductive and resistive layer that causes a change in the electrical current which is registered as a touch event and sent to the controller for processing. Resistive touch screen panels are generally more affordable but offer only 75% clarity and the layer can be damaged by sharp objects. Surface wave: Surface wave technology uses ultrasonic waves that pass over the touch screen panel. When the panel is touched, a portion of the wave is absorbed. This change in the ultrasonic waves registers the position of the touch event and sends this information to the controller for processing..

2. Historians generally consider the first finger-driven touchscreen to have been invented by E.A. Johnson in 1965 at the Royal Radar Establishment in Malvern, United Kingdom. Johnson originally described his work in an article published in Electronics Letters. The piece featured a diagram describing a type of touchscreen mechanism that many smartphones use today—what we now know as capacitive touch. capacitive touchscreen panel uses an insulator, like glass, that is coated with a transparent conductor such as indium tin oxide (ITO). The "conductive" part is usually a human finger, which makes for a fine electrical conductor. Johnson's initial technology could only process one touch at a time, and what we'd describe today as "multitouch" was still somewhat a ways away. Touchscreen products can provide tactile feedback, and soon you won’t have to rely on visual cues from your phone or computer. This technology will be able to touchscreens will be able to differentiate textures and simulate actual computer or phone keyboards to show the difference from one key to another. Tactile feedback will have a major benefit for touchscreens on dashboards and consoles inside automobiles. Users will be able to provide input on touchscreens in the car witdifferentiate touches and change the overall user experience

3. . Soon, tactile feedback on hout taking their eyes off the roadreen, some buttons may feel smooth while others offer a rough sensation. with an extension of the pressure-sensitive LCD, eventually users may not even have to make contact with a touchscreen. Mitsubishi and Cypress are among the brands that have unveiled “hover detection” demonstrations. These screens would react when the panel is touched as well as gauge how near or far away a finger is from the surface. This so called “mouse-over” function will make touchscreen technology seem almost magical. The technology is certainly being developed, so it’s only a matter of time before touchscreens make their way into more everyday products and activities. With the increased functionality of these new advances, touchscreens can improve the quality of many common products. The classic chalkboard has also been replaced by projectors in most schools and offices. Next are smart whiteboards that pull up slides and other saved projects at the swipe of a finger. There are a common touchscreen example that will soon be transferred to other public places. They can even come with cameras that recognize gender and age to recommend beverage selections. Our mobile devices may have been among the first to utilize the functionality of a touchscreen, but they certainly won’t be the last. Technology is advancing every day, and with it, incredible power at your fingertips.

4. COMPONENTS OF TOUCHCREEN Touch sensor: A touch screen sensor is a clear glass panel with a touch responsive surface. The touch sensor/panel is placed over a display screen so that the responsive area of the panel covers the viewable area of the video screen. Controller: The controller is a small PC card that connects between the touch sensor and the PC. It takes information from the touch sensor and translates it into information that PC can understand. The controller is usually installed inside the monitor for integrated monitors or it is housed in a plastic case for external touch add- ons/overlays. Software driver: The driver is a software update for the PC system that allows the touchscreen and computer to work together. It tells the computer's operating system how to interpret the touch event information that is sent from the controller.

5. APPLICATION OF TOUCHSCREEN Public information display: Tourism displays, trade show displays, Information kiosks and other electronic displays are used by large number of people that have little or no computing experience. The touch screen interface is easier to use than other input devices especially for novice users. A touch screen is useful to make your information more easily accessible by allowing users to navigate your presentation by simply touching the display screen. Retail and restaurant system: Time is money, especially in a fast paced retail or restaurant environment. In retail or restaurant environment, touch screen systems are easy to use so employees can get work done faster and also training time can be reduced for new employees. As input is present right on the screen, valuable counter space can be saved. Touch screens can be used in order entry stations, cash registers, seating, reservation systems and more.

6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE The touch screen interface is easier to use than other input devices. It is useful to make information more easily accessible by allowing user to navigate by simply touching the display screen. Currently the touch screens in the laptops mostly have single- touch technology. This means that the computer understands instructions a single touch at a time. Some laptops do include multi-touch capabilities; however, these capabilities are very limited and not really useful. More advanced technology like the one from Japanese Company Wacom, would bring multi- touch capabilities where people can work on more than one object simultaneously.