1. Business Organizations 1 Production Oriented (Industrial) Companies  Manufacturers e.g. Intel Corp Service Companies  Those who sales products manufactured by other companies, information e.g. Telecommunication Companies, Publishers Combined Industrial & Service Companies  Manufacturers and Sale also e.g.IBM

2. Business Organizations 2 Governmental Organization  Just as service Companies E.g  law department  IT department  Police department  Education department  Health department

3. Companies Complexity 3 Relationships with other systems  A system process data and its O/P is made I/P to another System e.g. Fee system ->Accounts  IS of one company interface with the system operated by the other company e.g. one businessman place order to another businessman, here ordering form of one system is I/P to the purchasing system of another businessman  Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), both the companies may not be using computer systems

4. Information Systems and Subsystems

5. Companies Complexity 5 Boundaries  It indicates boundaries between the subsystems where a systems starts and where it ends e.g. Student Information System and Accounts Specialized Business needs  E.g. School system, Transcript Processing…, Hospital System Size of Company  E.g. small shop and Bank with more than five branches…

6. 6 System Boundary vs. Automation Boundary

7. Types of Information Systems 7 Operational System  The system process data generated day to day business transactions e.g.order enter,accounts… Management IS  Is a computer based system that generates timely and accurate information for top, middle and lower management. E.g. Registering students in a course the management should know whether a student has been Admitted, Registered in Semester and the Selected the Courses along with the abidance of business rules

8. Types of Information Systems ( continued 8 Decision Support System (DSS).  The information that are not part of routine by Operational and Management IS e.g. effect of company if sales are increased by 10%, What- if analysis.  Usually it needs data from both internal company as well as external data is required. E.g. Internal data is sales, students address and External Data is trends, Population…etc

9. Types of Information Systems ( continued 9 Executive Support/Information System ESS/EIS  Decision  Structured Already decided reports required for decision usually periodically  Unstructured The reports that cannot be determined and information is undefined e.g. Yammy’s experts wants data about the tastes of people of a particular locality

10. Types of Information Systems ( continued 10  Semi-Structured.  Between Structured and Semi-Structured e.g. impact of inflation on product cost. ESS deal with the information providing for Unstructured decisions. Expert System.  It simulates human reasoning and decision making by combining the subject knowledge of human experts called knowledge base and inference rules that determine how the knowledge is used to reach a decision e.g. automobile fuel system, best place for oil drilling.

11. Types of Information Systems ( continued 11 Office system  Office Automation Systems. It facilities a company in many ways e.g. emails, fax,video conferencing, word processing, spread sheets, presentation, internet access, graphics/charts…etc

12. 12 Types of Information Systems ( continued )

13. 13 Information Systems and Component Parts

14. 14 Systems That Solve Business Problems System – interrelated components functioning together to achieve outcome Information systems – collection of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and provide as output information needed to complete tasks Subsystems – part of larger system Super system – larger system contains subsystem Functional decomposition – dividing system into smaller subsystems and components

15. Steps to achieve optimum IS 15 Standardization Single source of Data  E.g. if a requisition is there it should be used by the entire organization Integrate Independent data processing Exception reporting Eliminating duplication Direct communication Equipment

16. Organizational Level 16 Operational Personnel  They spend most of the time in repetitive tasks in performing function following specific procedures  They interact with the system at a detail level Lower management  They are supervisors, team leaders, coordinators etc. They direct the operators and ensure the right tool, material, resources and making necessary decisions

17. Organizational Level 17 Middle Management  They are directors, managers to develop plans, allocate resources to achieve business objective in a process call Tactical Planning  They need less detail and need summaries Top management  They frame policies, goals called Strategic Planning