1. Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) first global public health treaty initiated and negotiated under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO) unanimously adopted by the 192 Member States of WHO (May 2003) WHO (est. 1948) operates within United Nations (UN) system state-centric; states are ultimate decision makers non-state actors have influenced UN policy making, agencies and countries from both outside and inside the UN system. Introduction Epistemic Community and Global Tobacco Control Policymaking Hadii M. Mamudu, PhD and Stanton A. Glantz, PhD Theoretical Framework Evolutionary research framework Conceptualization Epistemic Community: “A network of professionals with recognized expertise and competence in a particular domain and an authoritative claim to policy relevant knowledge within that domain or issues-area.” Characteristics: shared set of normative and principled beliefs that provide a value-based rationale for social action shared causal beliefs shared notion of validity common policy enterprise (Haas 1992:3) Objective Analyze how epistemic community influenced tobacco control policymaking within the state-centric UN system between mid-1960s and early 2000s. Methods Archival documents: Tobacco industry documents Legacy Tobacco Documents Library (legacy.library.ucsf.edu) British American Tobacco (BAT) Document Archive (bat.library.ucsf.edu) Tobacco Documents Online (tobaccodocuments.org) Initial search terms “WHO tobacco program,” “activists movement,” “anti-tobacco experts,” and “tobacco control experts” WHO and World Bank World Conference on Tobacco OR Health proceedings, 1967-2003 (12) Interviews: Snowball 46 people from 26 countries Global Tobacco Control Policies Conceptualization of the global tobacco control epistemic community Membership Influencing Global Tobacco Control Scientific Associations Policymakers IGOs IOs Academics NGOs Advocates Institutions Practitioners Religious Organizations Epistemic Community Inside Testimonies Expert Committees Consultations Country delegates Outside Publications Workshops Conferences Media Public opinion WHA resolutions WHO EB resolutions Countries FCTC Influencing global tobacco control from within the UN system Members of WHO expert committees 1974: Smoking and Health 1978: Smoking and its Health Effects 1982: Smoking in Developing Countries 1998: Public Health Experts meeting on FCTC (Canada) 2001: Scientific and Advisory Committee on Tobacco Product Regulation (SACTob) Bureaucrats of WHO and World Bank 1982-98: WHO Tobacco or Health program 1998-present: Tobacco Free Initiative 1995-99: The tobacco project team at World Bank’s Health, Nutrition, and Population (HNP) sector Consultants of WHO (Mackay 2003; Mamudu 2005; Roemer et al. 2005) National delegates 1970-2003: World Health Assembly 1999-2003: FCTC negotiations 2006-present: FCTC Conference of Parties Findings Influencing global tobacco control from outside of the UN system Scientific publications Conferences 1967-2003: World Conference on Tobacco Or Health Expert testimonies Lobbying countries and policymakers around the world Workshops Media advocacy Conclusions The global tobacco control epistemic community has diverse membership The community laid foundation for global tobacco control by providing value-rationale basis for tobacco control The community forced countries to act when they were reluctant to do so. Global Tobacco Control Epistemic Community Normative and principled beliefs Consensual knowledgeNotions of validity of data Modes of communicationPolicy Enterprise Evidence-based Strategy Curbing the use and spread of tobacco to save lives. Making the tobacco industry accountable Social justice (Duty) Tobacco use and secondhand tobacco smoke is dangerous to health Tobacco is addictive Tobacco control does not harm the economy Basic science Epidemiology Policy research Internet (GLOBALink) Telephone and fax Publications Expert testimonies Workshops Conferences Media Demand side: -Taxation - Health warnings - Advertising ban - Education - Smokefree environments - Treatment Supply side: -Illicit trade in tobacco products - Ban on sale to and by minors - Provide viable alternative sources of livelihood Global collective action, Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Comprehensive tobacco control program Lesson drawing, emulation, copying and adaptation BAT, 1980 tid/vso21a99