1. Object-Oriented Programming Ramzi Saifan Program Control Slides adapted from Steven Roehrig

2. Today We Look At  Control structures  More example programs

3. Execution Control: if-else if (boolean_expression) statement else if(boolean_expression) statement : else if(boolean_expression) statement else statement

4. if-else Example public int test(int testVal, int target) { int result = 0; if (testVal > target) result = 1; else if (testVal < target) result = -1; else { System.out.println(“They are equal”); result = 0; } return result; }

5. Execution Control: return  Exit a method, returning an actual value or object, or not (if the return type is void). public int test(int testVal, int target) { if (testVal > target) return 1; else if (testVal < target) return -1; else { System.out.println(“They are equal”); return 0; }

6. Three Kinds of Iteration while (boolean_expression)// evaluate first statement_or_block do statement_or_block// evaluate last while (boolean_expression) for (initialization ; boolean_expression ; step) statement_or_block Example: for (int i = 0; i < myArray.size(); i++) { myArray[i] = 0; }

7. public class FlowControl { public static void main (String [] rr) { int i; for(i=0;i<3;i++) System.out.println(" For loop "+i); i=0; do { System.out.println(" Do while "+i); i++; }while (i<3); i=0; while (i<3) { System.out.println(" While "+i); i++; } Output: For loop 0 For loop 1 For loop 2 Do while 0 Do while 1 Do while 2 While 0 While 1 While 2

8. public class BreakAndContinue { public static void main(String[] args) { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { if (i == 74) break;// out of for loop if (i % 9 != 0) continue;// next iteration System.out.println(i); } Break and Continue

9. Selection Via switch for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { char c = (char) (Math.random() * 26 + ‘a’); switch(c) { case ‘a’: case ‘e’: case ‘i’: case ‘o’: case ‘u’: System.out.println(c + “Vowel”); break; case ‘y’: case ‘w’: System.out.println(c + “Sometimes a vowel”); break; default: System.out.println(c + “Not a vowel”); }

10. Using Java’s RNGs (cont.)  java.lang.Math static double random()random in [0, 1.0)  The sequence doesn’t seem to be repeatable  Bad for debugging  Good for experimental work

11. Using Java’s RNGs (cont.)  java.util.Random Constructors:  Random()  Random(long seed) Methods:  nextInt()random in (-2 31, 2 31 -1)  nextInt(int n)random in [0, n)  nextFloat()random in [0, 1)  setSeed(long seed)  java.lang.Math static double random()random in [0, 1.0)

12. Java.lang.Math  Public static double : exp, log, log10, pow, random, sin, cos, tan, and many others  Public static int: abs, ceil, floor, round

13. String  Concatenation: + String greeting = “Hello”; String s = greeting.substring(0,4); //4 is the length String s1= greeting.substring(0,3)+’”!”; Int n = greeting.length(); Char last = greeting.charAt(4); s.equals(“HELLO”); //never use == to compare Strings  The String class contains more than 50 methods, define any variable as String, type its name plus dot