1. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Overview and Introduction - Agenda ActivityEst. Time 1. Agenda and Instructor Introduction10 2. Syllabus/Instructor Expectations20 3. Student Information Sheets15 4. Students Introduction15 5. Student Expectations15 6. Introduction to Instrumentation – Chapter 120 7. Introduction to Diagrams and Symbology – Chapter 1225 LUNCH BREAK 30 8. Group Activities90

2. Learning Objectives? Instrumentation I - Session 1 http://blog.parker.com/

3. Process Technology? Instrumentation I - Session 1 1.The main role of technicians, specialists and experts 2.The large number of requirements, employees retiring 3.Industry partnered with community colleges, technical colleges, and universities to provide training. 4.Industries collaborating with education can provide process technology graduates. 5.Process technology is a field of study to train and provide specialists for process industries 6.Process industries including refineries, petrochemical companies, paper and pulp industries, power generation, and food processing

4. Instrumentation Instrumentation I - Session 1  Instrumentation is one of core technical courses in process technology program  The textbook has 24 chapters  The first 12 chapters are covering Instrumentation I and chapters 13 to 24 cover the material in the Instrumentation II

5. Instrumentation Instrumentation I - Session 1  Our plan in this class is to emphasize learning materials of Instrumentation I and review main points of materials for Instrumentation II.  We will try to finish chapters 1-12 by the middle of semester and then review other chapters while returning to the previous chapters. In this way, we will have a very good sense of the main points of Instrumentation I.

6. Chapter 01 - Objectives Instrumentation I - Session 1  In this chapter we will learn: The history and importance of process instrumentation in process industries Describe the major process variables Define terms associated with instrumentation Explain the relationship between common process variables

7. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Session 1 – Objectives The primary need for instrumentation in industry is to measure and control process variables Explain the relationship between common process variables: n What happens to the pressure in a closed container when temperature increases? Increases n What happens to the temperature in a closed container when pressure increases? Increases n What happens to vessel bottom pressure when height of liquid increases? Increases n What happens to boiling point of a material when pressure increases? Increases n What happens to the volume of a material when temperature increases? Increases n What happens to the density of a material when temperature increases? Decreases n What happens to the flow when the differential pressure increases? Increases n How do variable changes affect accurate measurement?

8. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Flyball Governor  Humankind has attempted to control machine process  The first example of feedback control was in 1775 by James watt to control the speed of steam going to the steam engine.

9. Instrumentation I - Session 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =SiYEtnlZLSs

10. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Nyquist  In 1920s pneumatic control began to appear. But, they were mostly controlled manually.  In 1932 Harry Nyquist published the First paper on automatic process control.

11. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Rosie the Riveter In 1942 during WW2 1942 Zeigler and Nichols described a new way to tune PID control loops

12. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Analog Electronic Instrumentation Age of 1950s

13. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Digital Instrumentation In 1971 the intel corporation introduced the model 4004 microprocessor on a chip. This paved the way for development of the modern digital control.

14. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Fiber Optics Industry continues to find ways for implementation.

15. Instrumentation I – Review Chapters 1 - 7 Process Variables Slide 2

16. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Process Variables, Pressure The force applied to a unit of area. Gases and vapors apply force uniformly over all surfaces. While liquids apply force in accordance to their depth and density.

17. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Process Variables, Temperature  Temperature is defined as a measure of the average kinetic energy (hotness or coldness) of a substance as indicated on a reference scale.  Process plants control temperature in almost every major process vessel.

18. Instrumentation I - Session 1 ProcessVariables, Level  Level is defined as the position of either height or depth along a vertical axis. In industry the term level specifically means the surface position of a material in a vessel.  For example, checking levels is very important when controlling a liquid phase reactor where there is a need for a continuous flow of reactants into the vessel and a continuous flow of reacted product leaving the vessel.

19. Instrumentation I - Session 1 ProcessVariables, Flow  In process industries the word flow is used interchangeably with the term flow rate.  Flow rate can be defined as the quantity of fluid that moves through a pipe or channel within a given period of time.  Flow rate is usually expressed in volume or mass units per unit of time, such as gallons per minute or pounds per hour.

20. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Sightglass http://www.mycheme.com/level-gauges/

21. Instrumentation I - Session 1 http://phoenixspecialtyinc.com/

22. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Differential Delta  Simply put, differential means the difference between measurements taken from two separate points.  Although differential is not a distinct process variable like the others mentioned here, the designation does deserve special attention due to the massive number of differential pressure and temperature.

23. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Local Instrument An instrument located at or near the process

24. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Remote Instrument Receive or send a signal from the computer or a control room.

25. Instrumentation I - Session 1 ProcessVariables n Analytical instruments are those instruments that measure the chemical and/or physical properties of a process stream. n Such as chromatographs, pH meters and viscosity meters. Analytical instruments can be located within the process area as well as in a laboratory.

26. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Instruments and their Functions  Once it measures the process variable, it then must communicate that value to the next instrument in the loop, typically the controller.  Sensing, indicating, transmitting, comparing, and/or controlling. The sensing or measuring or transmitting device is the first instrument in the loop.

27. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Instruments and their Functions The controller would have to interpret that incoming signal, compare it to a setpoint, process the difference, and then produce an output signal that indicates to the final controlling element, usually a control valve to open more, close more or just stay the same.

28. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Pneumatic Instruments  Instrumentation that sends a signal to a remote location is categorized as transmitting.  Generally there are both a measuring and a transmitting device built in a single unit.  For example, a unit may measure a pressure sensing activity and convert it to a pneumatic or electronic signal to a controller.

29. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Electronic Instruments  Instruments powered by electricity are called electronic instruments. They are divided by the type of signal and include analog and digital.  All of electronics can be divided into two broad categories: analog and digital.

30. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Electronic Instruments  On the analog clock, the time is represented by hands that spin around a dial and point to a location on the dial that represents the approximate time. On a digital clock, a numeric display indicates the exact time.  One of the most common examples of the difference between analog and digital devices is a clock.

31. Instrumentation I - Session 1 Digital Instruments  They are microprocessor based and can produce a digital output signal.  A digital signal is presented in a coded form by packets of 1 and zeros like 101010.  Generally they use a serial communication format similar to a computer network in an office.

32. Instrumentation I - Session 12 Session 12 – Objectives 1. Describe the types of petrochemical and refining industry drawings that contain instrumentation. 2. Compare and contrast P&IDs and PFDs. 3. Describe the lettering and numbering standards based on ISA (International Society of Automation) instrumentation symbols. 4. Describe how to determine the instrument type from the symbol information. 5. Describe the standards for line symbols. 6. Using a legend, correctly identify instrumentation on a drawing.

33. Instrumentation I - Session 12 Block Flow Diagram

34. Instrumentation I - Session 12 Process Flow Diagram

35. Instrumentation I - Session 12 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

36. Instrumentation I - Session 12 Legend or Symbols Chart

37. Instrumentation I - Session 12 Instrumentation Tag Number

38. Instrumentation I - Session 12 ISA Functional Identification Table 1. PT= Pressure Transmitter 2. TT= Temperature Transmitter 3. FRC= Flow Recording Controller 4. PIC= Pressure Indicating Controller 5. LV= Level Valve (This is the preferred way of identifying a control valve in a loop) 6. PY= Pressure Relay or compute (This could be an I/P transducer in a pressure loop) 7. TE= Temperature Element (could be a thermocouple, RTD or filled thermal system) 8. LI= Level Indicator 9. PC= Pressure Controller 10. FFIC= A Flow (Ratio) Indicating Controller

39. Instrumentation I - Session 12 Equipment Symbols

40. Instrumentation I - Session 12 Field Versus Board-Mounted Instrument Symbols

41. Instrumentation I - Session 12 Primary and Final Control Element Symbols

42. Instrumentation I - Session 12 Line Symbols

43. Homework Assignments - HWAs Design two Multiple Choice questions From chapter 1 and chapter 12 using the following format: Times New Roman, 12 pt. font size, and single space according to the form distributed by Instructor. Handwriting will not be accepted Session 1 - Fall 201543

44. Homework Assignments - HWAs 1.The Question: a.The First answer b.The Second answer c.The Third answer d.The Fourth answer The answer key for this question and the address in the Book.(the edition, Page and line) Due date: Please email me these questions before coming Friday (September 4 th ) at 8 PM. The following week you will ask your questions from the students and explain the answer to us. Your grade for this HWA will be for your extracting and presenting these questions and answers to the class. This HWA will have 5% of your total grade. Please send your questions before the due date otherwise you will lose the whole point. Session 1 - Fall 201544