1. APUSH Lecture 3.3 Washington and Adams The New Republic 1789-1800
Key Concept 3.3
Key Concept 3.3 – Migration(BYE BYE BYE) within North America, cooperative interaction and competition for resources raised questions about boundaries and policies, intensified conflicts among peoples and nations, and led to contests over the creation of a multiethnic, multiracial national identity.(Proud to be an American!)

2. Washington’s Administration
George Washington first president of the USA
Unanimously elected
Sets the following precedents that set the Constitution into practice
a. Two term presidency
b. Cabinet established (group of advisors who are the heads of departments:
Thomas Jefferson- Secretary of State
Alexander Hamilton-Secretary of the Treasury
Henry Knox-Secretary of War

3. One of the first acts of Congress…
1789 Judiciary Act- Organized the Supreme court with 1 chief justice and 5 associate justices.
First Chief Justice: John Jay

4. Bill of Rights first 10 amendments
The anti-federalists insisted that they be protected from the federal government, so a Bill of Rights was added.
Amendment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10!
Know them all. The bill of rights finger game!

5. Hamilton tries to implement Federalist ideas and this leads to conflict
The constitution does not say you have the right to make a bank!!

6. Hamilton’s financial plan
Pay off the debt an develop a plan for American manufacturing
Part 1. Assumption Plan. Report on Public Credit. The federal Gov will pay off the national debt at face value AND the war debts of the states.
Jefferson disagrees! But v a compromise is reached. The capital of the entire nation will be moved south to what is now Washington DC

7. Hamilton’s plan cont.
Part 2: Hamilton supported 1) High tariffs (tax on imports) and 2) excise taxes (tax on specific items such as whiskey)
Protect American “infant” industries from foreign competition
Raise revenue to pay off the debt

8. Hamilton’s Financial Plan
Part 3- Create a NATIONAL BANK that would help create a stable, healthy economy and currency
And a HUGE debate ensues:
Jefferson (Jeffersonian Republican) says: The Constitution did not give Congress the authority to create a bank.
Strict interpretation of the Constitution

9. Hamilton(Federalist) disagrees:
The Hamiltonian argument: “The necessary and proper clause” allowed Congress to create the BUS since it was necessary to carry out its enumerated powers.
Loose (broad) interpretation of the Constitution
A national debt, if it is not excessive, will be to us a national blessing.-A hamilton

10. What are the differences between the first political parties

11. Hamiltonian vs Jeffersonian politics

13. Whiskey Rebellion
Part of Hamilton’s financial plan included and excise tax on whiskey
Farmers in Western Pennsylvania refused to pay the tax
-seen as a challenge to the authority of the new federal government
Article of Confederation failed to deal with Shay’s rebellion

14. George Washington takes over the state militia and stops the rebellion by show of force Hamilton lead the forces.
Demonstrates to many the power and effectiveness of the federal government
Critics are disturbed by the use of force.

15. Foreign Policy: France
1793 Neutrality proclamation issued by George Washington
French revolution raises questions: Should the US help France?
Federalist:Concerned with violence and want to avoid war with England
Democrat Republicans: extension of our own fight for liberty and England was seizing American ships

16. Citizen Genet
French minister to the USA travels to the US trying to convince people to support France
-Doesn’t meet with Washington. Instead, stays in S. Carolina and starts a militia.
For once Hamilton and Jefferson agree—France needs to recall this guy….
Meanwhile, back in France…the Jacobins are now in charge… they send an arrest notice for Citzen Genet…he’s busted and will be sent t othe guillotine.
Synthesize baby! Does this sound like anything familiar in any other time in history?

17. Foreign Policy issues: England
England is a continual problem:
1 Impressment
2. Occupied forts in the west John Jay (chief justice of the Supreme Court) goes to England to negotiate British agree to leave the forts on the frontier
Jay’s Treaty 1794
The treaty says nothing about stopping British harassment of American ships or Native issue
Does keep the US neutral

19. Foreign Policy issues: Spain
Spain had previously blocked American access on the Mississippi
Pinckney Treaty (1795) Spain agrees to allow the US usage of the Mississippi river and the port of New Orleans
Made the northern boundary of Florida the 31st parallel

20. Native Americans
Native American land continues to be encroached upon by settlers moving west
Native tribes formed the Northwest Confederacy under the Miami chief Little Turtle
Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) natives defeated by US army led by General Anthony Wayne
Treaty of Greenville (1795) Defeated tribes gave up claim to Ohio territory

21. John Adams vs Thomas Jefferson
Election of 1796
Federalist VP John Adams vs Democratic Republican Thomas Jefferson
John Adams becomes president
Thomas Jefferson then is the VP
Amendment 12 fixes this little glitch (1804)

22. And now….president #2 John Adams
George Washington decided to leave office after 2 terms as president (set Precedent)
Washington’s Farewell Address (1796) warned the nation:
Permanent alliances
Danger of political parties

23. Foreign Policy under John Adams
France’s war against European nations was a major problem for Adams
British were seizing American ships
Adams wanted to avoid a war with France and set US diplomats to Paris
XYZ affair-French officials know as XYZ attempted to get the Americans to bribe them in order to start negotiations with Foreign Minister Tallyrand
Quasi war; Undeclared war when Americans out about the bribe.

24. Major Issue: States vs. Federal Government
Alien and Sedition acts(1798)
Reason: Passed by a federalist controlled congress to limit the political opposition (Democrat Republicans)
Naturalization Act:
Increase time from 5 to 14 years for immigrants to become American citizens
Alien Act: president could depart or arrest immigrants considered dangerous
Sedition Act: made it illegal to criticize the government
Kentucky and Virginia resolutions
Reason To oppose federal laws that Democratic Republicans felt wer eunconstitutiona
Kentucky Resolution (Jefferson) and Virginia Resolution (Madison) said a state could nullify federal laws passed by Congress if they felt they were unconstitutional
Compact theory: states have made a compact with the national government
Argument of nullification will be used by South Carolina in the 1830’s and used by southerners when they secede for the Union

25. Activities
Strict vs Loose Construction scenarios 1.The year is The notorious rapscallion Colby Holloman has has been arrested, detained and roughly thrown into prison for no reason. Colby’s barrister, Esquire Parker Soto insists to judge Elijah Beilman for a writ of habeas corpus which is granted. Bellman is a stickler for the law. Soto argues that Holloman was exercising his right to true freedom of fashion. Beliman agrees and Holloman is freed. Is BELIMEN LOOSE OR STRICT constructionist?