2. PERIODICAL INSPECTION, REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS The building wing of the Works Department has a challenging role in maintenance and upkeep of the existing building infrastructure with the limited financial resources. For this meticulous planning prioritization and execution need to be taken up after proper inspection of the building. The longitivity of the building can be enhanced by making periodical inspection & taking suitable measure accordingly. Periodical inspection can be categorised into two parts : Visual Inspection and Full Structural Inspection

3. A simple analysis of the govt. building from different verticals can be drawn while handling the maintenance works and sector wise requirements classified has been done mainly on the following : Age of the buildings. Location of the buildings with varied exposure conditions (Atmospheric and environmental) Type of building i.e. using varied building construction materials, structural aspects such as framed / load bearing walls etc. Sector wise i.e. signifying the user friendly requirements. Categorizing in a broadway i.e. Residential and Non- Residential.

4. The Engineer concerned (SDOs) are expected to carryout a comprehensive visual inspection that relies largely on their professional engineering assessment, judgement and advice. Works Department deals with buildings of urban area only those are already included in the Books of PWD. Repair work of Government Residential and Non-Residential buildings of different departments are taken up from the Non-Plan annual maintenance grant.

5. Scope of Visual Inspection. The Engineer concerned (SDOs) are to Understand the Structural System & Layout of the buildings Indentify Critical areas for inspection. Identify the allowable imposed loads Verify if unauthorised addition or alternation works that affect the structure of the buildings have been carried out.

6. In general the engineer is to carryout a visual inspection of the condition of the structure of the buildings for the following reasons : To identify any signs of structural distress & deformations. To identify any sings of materials deterioration. To identify any deviation from intended use & misuse which can result in overloading. To identify any addition / alternation work resulting overloading.

7. The deterioration of the buildings with ageing is an on- going natural phenomena thereby diminishing the utility of Civil Structures in the process with the gradual erosion that takes place with time. It is necessary to identify certain grey & suspect areas and to develop certain useful indicators to categorized the type of damage pattern in respective structure as mentioned below : Corrosion damage of reinforcement with no proper cover. Cracking at DCC in the flooring of the ground floor developing saucer shape at few location. Dampness to brick masonry walls.

8. Leakage and soaking at slab, wall, column junctions. Cracks in roof slab, walls base of parapet walls. Deterioration of wooden frames, chowkath, panel, shutter attacked by weather & termite. Cracking spalling, delaminating of concrete of soffit of roof slab. Drainage problem and ponding of rain water in slab top surface, seepage from ceiling near toilets, kitchen etc.

9. Improper slurry, filling in tile joints, looseness of floor tile. Cracks in masonry walls due to growing roots of vegetation. Pipe corrosion and its serious hazardous effect to human health. Damaged plinth protection work & so on & so forth. Anti termite treatment if necessary. This helps in planning for the maintenance aspect with an aim to achieve an effective & economics means of keeping the buildings and the building undergo different type of repair works as per the needs.

10. (a)Here priorities to be given on i)Structural Plan & defects ii)Foundation System iii)Structural System (Including Storey Height) (b)Loadings : i)Compatibility of existing uses with the design loading. ii)Deviation from intended use & signs of overloading. Addition & Alternation Works i)Presence of extra addition of load. ii)It’s impact on the building structure. Structural defects & deterioration i)Building tilt or settlement. ii)Structural deformation iii)Structural Cracks Full Structural Inspection :

11. Exposure to Aggressive Environment i)Column immersed in water ii)Aggressive Chemicals which may accelerate the deterioration of structural elements. Keeping in view the above observation necessary measures are to be taken after due consultation with the higher authority. Accordingly planning are to be made for taking of repair and maintenance work. Repair & Maintenance of Buildings Maintenance is generally defined as the work that is done on a regular basis to keep the buildings in good working condition. The engineer concerned must take regular survey and see. How does the building look inside & outside and are there any obvious repair needed. Any preventive maintenance is required or not to avoid future repair problem. What problems the occupants are facing.

12. At the beggning of the year list of the buildings are to be prepared and an action plan proposed to be submitted in different sub heads for approval of the same at Government level. In this context a brief idea about this is wroth to mention here. All the Government buildings are categorized into two sections (1) Residential Buildings (2) Non-Residential Buildings. Generally the residential buildings are occupied by the Government employees and their family. And the non-residential buildings includes all other office buildings, hospitals, schools, colleges, library, culture centre etc. The repair & maintenance of these buildings are taken up generally under non-plan head of account. The non-plan repair heads of both Residential and Non-Residential Buildings are as follows : Non-Residential Buildings – 07-2059 Residential Buildings- 07-2216

13. 107-2059-21091-000Special Repair / Judiciary / 30 years School & Colleges Buildings. 207-2059-21118-110Prestigious / Critical Buildings 307-2059-21119Transferred from Plan Scheme 407-2059-21120Buildings constructed by other Agencies 507-2059-2114550 years School 607-2059-21149Periodical maintenance 707-2059-21133Jail Building 807-2059-21136Police organisation & D.G. Police 907-2059-21155Old Non-Res. buildings 107-2216-21126Special Repair 207-2216-21121Transferred from Plan Scheme 307-2216-21122Buildings constructed by other Agencies 407-2216-21021Critical Buildings 507-2216-21148Periodical maintenance 607-2216-21135Police Organisation & D.G. Police 707-2216-21139Res. Building of Jail staff 807-2216-21020G.A. Qtrs. Under Non-Residential Buildings different Sub-Major Heads are there Under Residential Buildings different Sub-Major Heads are there

14. A building register is maintained in each Division where the details of the building such as name of the building, year of make, type of roof, no of storey, plinth area of the buildings. The plinth area should be updated at the begning of the every financial year by addition of new eligible buildings. The registrar should be signed and certified by the Divisional head. Keeping in view the non-plan budget and the plinth area of the buildings the action plan proposals are made limiting to the probable allotment. The selection of the buildings for the repair work are made in different schemes as mentioned earlier & submitted the same for approval by the Government. The buildings of Police Organization and Jails have different budget provision. Therefore estimates are prepared for the buildings of Police Organization and Jail Separately and the same is to be approved by D.G Police and I.G Prisons. After the receipt of approval the repair work are taken up.

15. Objective of the Maintenance are as follows:- To preserve building in good operating condition. To restore it back to its original standard. To improve the facilities by applying new development in building engineering. There are several factors which causes deterioration of the buildings such as. Right Choice of Materials Suitable Construction technique Adequate & proper specification for construction Effective Supervision throughout construction and rectification of the defects. To achieve an effective and economic means of keeping the buildings fully utilizable the building undergo different type of repair work as per the needs. Repair works for proper maintenance of the buildings are broadly classified into 3 categories. Day to Day Repair (Service Facilities) Annual Repairs Special Repair

16. Day to Day Repair:- The works which are to attended on day to day basis are attended under day to day service facilities. The purpose of this facilities is to ensure satisfactory contagious functioning of various services in the buildings. A complain Book is maintained in the section office where the occupant registrar their day to day complain which are to be attended and required service are to be provided accordingly. The work which are to be attended day to day basis are removing chokage of drainage pipes of hinges of shutters. Annual Repair:- To maintain the aesthetics of the buildings and service as well as to preserve their life, some works like white washing, distempering, painting, cleaning of line tanks etc. and carried out periodically. These works are planned on year to year basis. In addition works such as patch repair to plaster, minor repairs to various item of work, replacement of glass panes and other essential repairs of routine type are taken up for a group of houses of a particular period of financial year depending upon the exigently.

17. Periodical Repair Complaints of periodical nature like white washing, painting, cleaning of moss on the exposed surface, which are not attended on daily basis are planned and programmed to carryout the work on the basis of appropriate information registered in particular period of time. Special Repair As the buildings ages there is deterioration to the various part of the building & services. Major repair and replacement of elements becomes inevitable. It becomes necessary to prevent the structure from undue wear and tear as well as to restore it back to its original condition to the extend possible. Water proofing of roof, changing of floor pattern, interior wall paintings replacement of old electrical fittings & wiring, replacement of old sanitary fittings and addition and alternation without changing the plinth area of the buildings as per requirements should be dealt with in this head.

18. Conservation of Old Monumental Buildings With the passage of time various elements undergo deterioration and depletion in their performance yardstick, aesthetic elements such as windows, doors, special tinted glasses, decorative features, tiles, cladding and various elegantly and specially provided elements in the structure, forms a different category of conservation expertise. The strength bearing elements and their protection such as load bearing walls and their plaster, mortar joints, stone walls, their discoloration and weathering and many such issues, all together form another specialized line as structural conservation. Also in old buildings several elements are in differing states of structural stability. The best option from the conservationist view point is the original building in its original location and in its original condition serving its original purpose. The erosion of mortar joint in stone, cracking, deformation and weathering of elements caused by inundation settlement, thermal movement etc. need careful study for maintenance. Removal of all vegetation, careful cleaning methodology, repair / replacement of major structural members, repair and arrest structural movements by underpinning, buttressing, consolidating, grouting etc., prevent raising of dampness, reporting as necessary to match the existing original mortal are few methods of renovation appliances adopted for the purposes.

19. RETROFICATION OF OLD RC FRAMED BUILDINGS A special attention has been paid to the RCC buildings constructed years back where the seismic technology has not been adopted. RCC buildings aged more than 40 yrs. have been grouped and considered from seismic rehabilitation measures. The strengthening and enhancement of the performance of deficient structural elements in a structure or the structure as a whole is referred to as retrofitting. Retrofitting of a building is not same as repair or rehabilitation. Retrofitting means structural strengthening of a building to a pre-defined performance level, whether or not an earthquake has occurred. The seismic performance of a retrofitted building is aimed higher than that of the original building. Repair refers to partial improvement of the degraded strength of a building after an earthquake. In effect, it is only a cosmetic enhancement. Rehabilitation is a functional improvement, wherein the aim is to achieve the original strength of a building after an earthquake. Retrofitting means structural strengthening of a building to a pre-defined performance level, whether or not an earthquake has occurred. The seismic performance of a retrofitted building is aimed higher than that of the original building.

20. 1. Extra unauthorised construction taken up by others to be dismantled. 2. If subletting done to others, action to be taken against the occupant by cancelling the allotment of Qtrs. informing the owner of the buildings. 3. If overstayed after cancellation of allotment stern penal action to be taken. 1. The owner of the building (Competent Authority of that Department) has to submit an application requesting to handover that building to (R&B) Division for taking repair work. The (R&B) Division has to verify the details such as type of foundation, estimated cost, year of make with details) drawing and design & recommended to Chief Engineer (Buildings) to include the same in Book of P.W.D. The Chief Engineer (Building) after getting approval for good will communicate to the Division accordingly. Monitoring of Maintenance : Takeover of new Government Building to Books of P.W.D.