1. Things that we are familiar with are made of atoms. What are atoms made of?

3. Carbon is made up of Carbon atoms. Element-made up of many of the same type of atom. ex. Graphite is pure Carbon Compounds are made When 2 or more elements Are combined in a specific ratio. (mixed) ?4 They have different properties than the elements they are made of. What formula do you know?

4. The element Carbon is made up of only Carbon atoms. Element-made up of many of the same type of atom. ex. Graphite is pure Carbon Compounds are made When 2 or more elements Are combined in a specific ratio. (mixed) ?4 They have different properties than the elements they are made of. What chemical formula do you know for a compound?

5. Covalent bonds share electrons. This is a single covalent bond sharing 2 electrons. Double covalent bonds share 4 electrons. Covalent bonds like Co-workers share items.

6. Ionic bonding is when one atom looses an Electron to another atom. Like when I take my Brothers ice cream I want it all. Then he comes After me! Ionic I want it!

7. Covalent bond Ionic bond Which is which…match term to picture How is each type of bonding different.

8. What type of bonding does water have? How do you know?

9. What can you discover about water’s Ability to bond by using water models?

10. Water is made of H2O ___hydrogen atoms & ___oxygen atom What are the charges of the hydrogen and the oxygen? What term describes the placement of the charges on the molecule?

11. Water - H 2 O 2 positively charged Hydrogen atoms 1 negatively charged oxygen atom

12. Water molecules have polar covalent bonding. One end is positive and one end is negative. This gives water some interesting abilities. 1 negatively charged oxygen atom 2 positively charged Hydrogen atoms

13. Water has ______ _______ bonding (one end of the molecule is positive one negative) Like a magnet and opposites attract. 2 properties of water –Cohesion: attraction between molecules of the same substance. Water sticks to water. –Adhesion: attraction between unlike molecules. Water sticks to almost anything that is not water.

14. Water has Polar Covalent Bonding (one end of the molecule is positive one negative) Like a magnet and opposites attract. 2 properties of water –Cohesion: attraction between molecules of the same substance. Water sticks to water. –Adhesion: attraction between unlike molecules. Water sticks to almost anything that is not water.

15. Water acts as a solvent and can Transport solutes. What actually happens when water dissolves something?

16. ________= what the solute dissolves in. Example = water _______= the substance that gets dissolved. Example = salt

17. solvent: what the solute dissolves in. Example = water solute: the substance that gets dissolved. Example =salt Solution: a chemical mix of 2 or more substances. example – salt water

18. Solution: 2 substances chemically combined. suspension: 2 substances physically mixed but separate.

19. Water has high ______ _______allowing insect to walk on water due to cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension.

20. Explore water

21. Most liquids become more dense and sink When they become solid. Where does solid water go (ice) when it starts to form on a lakes and oceans?

22. This means that ice forms an insulating blanket over water.

23. What would happen if water sank when it Turned into ice?

24. Water Holds Immense Amounts of Heat Forecasts for San Diego and Gallup, 1/11/06 – 1/15/06 Water’s high heat capacity has profound effects on climate and ecology. Water’s ability to hold heat can affect the Climate and ecology.

25. pH = (potential of Hydrogen) is the measure of hydrogen ion concentration. The level of hydrogen ions is based on a logarithmic scale. Higher than 7 is considered a base A pH level of 7.0 is neutral Lower than 7 is an acid and

27. (What is strange about how this is listed?)

28. Test pH

29. Acids and Bases An acid produces H + A base absorbs H + An acid produces hydrogen ions H + A base absorbs H+ A base absorbs hydrogen ions H +

30. Your body is about 65 percent water! Your blood is over 90% water! Why do we need so much water?

31. Animals loose water by Animals gain water by –Urinating-Drinking –Sweating- Absorbing it through –Breathing skin (frogs) What do we use water for?

32. Essential uses of water in: Animalsplants Cooling Transpiration Chemical reactions Photosynthesis Transport food and waste Makes up most of blood, lymph, and other body fluids. Makes up sap

33. Plants lose water through transpiration Plants gain water by absorbing it through their roots

34. Foods rich in water are juicy! Soup Fruit Vegetables Warning disturbing picture on next slide!

35. Drinking a liter or water a day should keep you hydrated. Use page 43 in PH Bio for ph scale.