1. SLEEP

2. BIOLOGICAL CLOCK (INTERNAL) Regulates the timing for sleep & body temperature in humans. Clocks are genetically programmed to enable organisms to adapt to their surroundings.

3. CIRCADIAN CLOCK  Exhibiting a period of 24 hours. It is located in the hypothalamus and excretes Melatonin. Increase release at night and decreased during the day. Melatonin is also sold as an over the counter supplement to increase sleep. Light acts as the cue for sleep. Photoreceptors are located in the eye (retina).  Exogenous: External Cue  Endogenous: Built in Cue

4. DURING SLEEP CYCLE  Physiological Changes that occur: NREM vs. REM * Make chart

5. BODY SYSTEMS EFFECTED BY SLEEP CYCLE  Endocrine System: Hormones are controlled by circadian clock. Most hormones are secreted into the bloodstream during sleep. Ex.) FSH & luteinizing=maturing & reproductive processes TSH is released prior to sleep

6.  Renal (kidney) System  Decrease of filtration & plasma flow. Excretion of Na, Cl, K, Ca. This causes our urine to be more concentrated in the morning!

7.  Digestive System: Decrease of swallowing & acid secretion during sleep.

8. DISORDERS  Insomnia  Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)  Obstructive sleep apnea  Narcolepsy  Sleep Walking  Sleep Talking  Enuresis  Sleep terrors  Seasonal Affect Disorder(SAD)

9. BRAIN FUNCTIONS IN SLEEP  Hypothalamus (NREM)- Keeps track how long we are awake/sleep, sleep debt, ect.  Pons- (REM) Attached to the spinal column, causing paralysis during sleep.  Thalamus: Generates many brain rhythms in NREM (EEG Patterns).

10. SLEEP PATTERNS  Our sleep patterns change over our life!  How much sleep does an infant get?  Teen?  Adult?

11. CLASS ACTIVITY  Disorder presentations