1. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 1 May-June Fermilab beam tests The next QUARTICs Test plans … unfortunately delayed SiPMs …. Wavelet launcher TDC Long term, large area: PPP’s ? (Plasma Panel Photosensors) Stage 1 implementation. 10 ps is goal (for single or pair of Qs). For 10 33, it’s overkill

2. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 2 Simple trigger (schematic): 2mm x 2mm scint. VETO w/hole 2 PMTs in AND 2 PMTs in OR Calibrate electronics resolution with same pulse  start & stop: σ ~ 3 ps Cherenkov light in Quartz window. HV ~ 4.5 kV, G ~ 5.10 5 Dark & shielded box PHOTEK 210 2 MCP, 10mm Φ PHOTEK 240 2 MCP, 40mm Φ 210 First A-B-C in line MCP- PMT-A ORTEC 566, 567 TAC/SCA ORTEC AD114 ADC ATTENUATOR ADC ATTENUATOR MCP- PMT-B DAQ ADC C BA Schematic DAQ : T1 MTest : May 27th – June 2nd results. 120 GeV/c p, ~40,000/spill

3. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 3 A-B-C in-line results: Cerenkov light in PMT windows ADC distributions: cut out tails and stragglers (~ 10%) T1 = tA – tB T2 = tA – tC T3 = tB – tC ======= Check Ti vs PH A,B Make slewing corrections Unfold: A B C etc. PMT-1 (Photek-210, 4.7 kV) ~ 12.0 ps PMT-2 (Photek-210, 4.6 kV) ~ 12.0 ps PMT-3 (Photek-240, 4.2 kV) ~ 7.7 ps Cherenkov light in PMT windows (Thicker, 8mm window)

4. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 4 Double Q-bar (1-bar QUARTIC) Quartz (fused silica) bars 6mm x 6mm x 90mm  two PHOTEK 210s Mounted at Cherenkov angle θ c ~ 48 deg. on opposite sides. dz = 6 mm/sin(48) = 8.1 mm. Some light direct to PMT, ~1/2 Tot Int Refl to PMT Black “sock” over bars to avoid light sharing C B A Unfold: σ(A) = 22.3 ps σ(B) = 30.5 ps Includes electronics (~3 ps) and 2 mm beam width smear (A,B) Δt = 2 mm x (10 ps/2 mm) Difference? Light coupling? Combining [AB] removes beam spread (later, tracking)

5. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 5 σ = 6.04 ch = 18.7 ps Unfold C = 7.7 ps, σ(AB) = 17.0 ps Resolution of double-Q-bar 2 mm x-spread not to be subtracted (only 3 ps electronics) Resolution of Double-Qbar as one device T1 = A - B T2 = A - C T3 = B - C ------------ T1 + T2 = A - B + A - C 3 x T3 = 3B - 3C so T1 + T2 + 3x T3 = A - B + A - C + 3B - 3C = 2A + 2B - 4C and 1/4 ( T1 + T2 + 3x T3 ) = (A+B)/2 - C

6. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 6 Average Number of Photons and Photoelectrons at Each Detector vs. Angle of Incident Beam -Jitter: 30 psec -Gain: 100 -Cerenkov angle: 48.2 -Each data point is the average of 1000 events. Photons Photoelectrons: Hamamatsu MCP-PMT R3809U-65 Photoelectrons: Photek 240 Earle Wilson (student) and Hans Wenzel Some simulations: Arbitrary Units

7. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 7 Timing and Timing-Resolution vs. Angle Incident Beam -Timing and timing resolution obtained using DCOG Method -Cerenkov Angle: 48.2 -Jitter: 30 psec -Gain: 100 -Each data point is taken over 1000 events. Photoelectrons: Hamamatsu MCP- PMT R3809U-65 Photoelectrons: Photek 240 Photoelectrons: Hamamatsu MCP- PMT R3809U-65 Earle Wilson (student) and Hans Wenzel More inclined  PMT closer to beam Interference (mechanical). Scale?

8. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans Quantum Efficiency Photoelectrons: Hamamatsu MCP-PMT R3809U-65 Photoelectrons: Photek 240 Earle Wilson (student) and Hans Wenzel (Not a simulation, data)

9. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 9 Next Steps For HPS need a σ(t) = 10 ps edgeless detector Need to include CMS-compatible electronics/DAQ (HPTDC’) with reference time signals (jitter <~ 5 ps) θc = 48deg Q-bars onto PHOTEK 240 MCP-PMT No touching, optical separation, spring + grease contact 40 mm diam. MCP 5mm x 5mm bars TIR: isolated p 17mm I MCP Should get < ~ 10 ps 5 x 5mm = 25mm = 4.2 x light MCP240 better (?) than 210. From FP420 R&D doc. Single channel

10. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 10 p QUARTIC240Complete Bars & springs inserted Configuration

11. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 11 Bar in center hole, sticks up. Focus on spring 5 mm diam at bottom 10 cm down Look closer Multiple images of one spring reflected up 10 cm bar

12. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 12 Next generation QUARTIC? Meeting with PHOTEK people this weekend. 32x32 channel 1mm x 1mm pads in PMT240 Gang outside as desired. [GASTOF probably wants all 1024 channels for imaging “rings”] Possible for QUARTIC: 24 x 1mm (or 12 x 2mm) in x and 4 x 8mm in z 24 x 1mm in x p 8mm Fused silica plates at 48 o Very thin separators between plates, plates should not touch walls: EDM Late 2010?

13. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 13 Tests of SiPMs = silicon photomultipliers (Anatoly Ronzhin, Fermilab) Eight Hamamatsu SiPMs, 3mm x 3mm In beam with quartz Cherenkov radiators several thicknesses (4 – 12mm), mirrored and not mirrored. Best conditions σ(t) ~ 33 – 37 ps 10-15 photoelectrons Channels Between SiPMs and C. Slewing correction applied

14. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 14 Each pad 3mm x 3mm SiPMs (+ quartz radiator window) Small pads : x,y Many layers in line ? Say ~ 30 ps, then 10 layers  ~ 10 ps Possible strips 6mm x 2mm (e.g.) Could be supplement to MCP’s Will be tested prob. Jan. 24mm 6mm

15. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 15 Plan for next test beam (Feb): 1)Have 3 channels ORTEC DAQ, test 3 detectors at once, and get all three σ(t). Trigger = 2mm x 2mm beam scint + veto counter with hole. Beam = 120 GeV p. 2)Set up 3 in-line, Ch-light in window+extra “quartz” Keep 210 detector A in-line as permanent reference. Time resolution vs gain (HV). 3)Mount 2 240’s on same side of beam. tA-tB independent of x(p). Beam to 3 bar rows, test equality. 4)Mount 2 240’s on opposite sides of beam. tA+tB independent of x(p). (No tracking yet.) Option: beam to 3 bar rows. 5)Increase separation in z by 30.0 mm = 100 ps (PR plot, calibn.) 6)Long (150 mm) single bar 210: beam at several positions along bar: test length dependence. Option: With red and blue filters. 7)Replace 150 mm quartz bar with quartz fiber bundle to compare. 8)Two Silicon PM arrays: 4x4 matrix, 3mm x 3mm area.

16. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 16 Two NIM inputs FPGA with 8ch TDC Data Output via Ethernet BNC Adapter to add delay @ 140ps step. 012 RMS 10ps DNL Histogram LUT  Auto-Calibration In(bin) Out(ps) 1 2 Wavelet Launcher: Test Module & Result Jin-Yuan Wu, Fermilab

17. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 17 Effectively reducing TDC bin width a factor 2 (now) … 4 (later)? Combine with 24ps/bin HPTDC (LHC standard)  12  6 ps Jin-Yian Wu: ~ Time stretcher

18. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 18 R&D on possible gas detectors. Eventually large areas.

19. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 19 Timing particles ~ endcaps, assign to vertices, cut out those events

20. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 20 Visited Corey Bennett’s Lab at Lawrence Livermore with Jeff Gronberg Very impressive! Learned about “temporal imaging” or “time lens, “time microscope” Magnify (or stretch) a signal (PMT o/p) in time, then can use (e.g) 20ps/bin electronics as 2ps/bin Optics: o = object i = image f = focal length Analogous formula with phases : time Demonstrated … but expensive (~ $200K/channel (Jeff G.)

21. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 21 What about HPS/CMS Stage One? On a 1-year time scale, could make 4 Quartics, edgeless (~ 0.2 mm?) with mounting mechanics (needs integration). Cost ~ $100K One UP one DOWN : Sum time constant. Either 4 PMT240’s or 2 PMT240’s + 2 Photonis multichannel iff performance good enough. R&D still needed: Lifetime of PMTs, # protons, radn damage (but ~ 2 years at 10 33 OK?) Bar lengths (can they be longer : further from beams?) : TBT* Jan Filters? : TBT Jan. Complete GEANT simulations Expect to have 1 GASTOF also. Do we include some SiPMs? Electronics (incl. trigger signals) Louvain, Jin-Yuan Wu (FNAL) and DAQ. (Boston/Rohlf). Ref time signals : Jeff Gronberg/LLNL + FNAL * TBT = to be tested

22. Mike AlbrowHPS – Nov 25thQUARTICs : Tests and Plans 22 Summary Timing detectors with σ(t) demonstrated (or close) with QUARTICs (and GASTOFs … Krzysztof Piotrzkowski ) But issues: MCP-PMT life ( Andrew Brandt ) Multiple protons in bunch (Multianode MCPs, SiPMs) Electronics, LHC speed (6 ps HPTDC development) Reference timing (Jeff Gronberg’s talk) Note: 10 ps (preferably better) needed for L = 10 34 not tomorrow. Advances continue and detectors upgradable annually if needed. Multiple measurements (timetracks) easily possible