1. Bopp/Shafiu/Cobelo/Chilvers et al. UK ALPHA 4 – Block 3 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 1 Commercial and Technical Integration of Distributed Generation into Distribution Networks Thomas BOPP, Ahmed SHAFIU, Iñigo COBELO, Ian CHILVERS, Nick JENKINS, Goran STRBAC, Haiyu LI, Peter CROSSLEY Contact: t.bopp@umist.ac.uk

2. Bopp/Shafiu/Cobelo/Chilvers et al. UK ALPHA 4 – Block 3 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 2 Distribution Management System Controller State Estimation Control Scheduling Local Measurements Remote Terminal Unit Remote Terminal Unit Remote Terminal Unit Network Data, Pseudo Measurements Constraints, Contracts DG, AVC, STATCOMs Loads, Switched Capacitors, CBs Information

3. Bopp/Shafiu/Cobelo/Chilvers et al. UK ALPHA 4 – Block 3 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 3 State Estimation for DMSC Applications Challenges High R/X ratio Limited number of measurements Large or meshed networks Solutions Identification of best locations for measurements Use of historic data/load profiles

4. Bopp/Shafiu/Cobelo/Chilvers et al. UK ALPHA 4 – Block 3 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 4 Uncertainty of Voltage Estimates Uncertainty % Bus number

5. Bopp/Shafiu/Cobelo/Chilvers et al. UK ALPHA 4 – Block 3 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 5 Commercial Integration of DG Challenge Maximisation of the economic benefit of DG and active management Solution Combination of optimal power flow simulation and cost benefit analysis Comparison net present values of different DG and active management scenarios

6. Bopp/Shafiu/Cobelo/Chilvers et al. UK ALPHA 4 – Block 3 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 6 Case Study

7. Bopp/Shafiu/Cobelo/Chilvers et al. UK ALPHA 4 – Block 3 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 7 Protection Problems Relay selectivity DG transient stability Autoreclose scheme issues Solution 11kV numerical distance protection –Utilise existing equipment –No communication or additional VT