1. UA9 status G.Cavoto INFN Roma Riunione CNS1 Parma Set 2010

2. Outline – Activity on circulating beam [SPS] Installation new hardware First 2010 data-taking – Activity on extracted beam [H8, BTF] Detector R&D Crystal test-bed layout preparation – Future activity Sep 20th 20102G.Cavoto Currently five groups: FE, LNF, LNL, NA and RM1

3. UA9 core business p Beam propagation Primary halo (p) Absorber Crystal Beam Core E. Tsyganov & A. Taratin (1991) ≈ 10 2 µrad L ≈ a few mm  Coherent deviation of the primary halo  Very small probability of inelastic interaction in the crystal  Larger collimation efficiency  Less impedance  Reduced tertiary halo Demonstrate this is a robust new collimation technique. Sep 20th 20103G.Cavoto

4. Our list Develop and test – Crystal alignment and collimation operation on beam – Measure collimation efficiency » Measure extracted beam (intensity, direction,…) – Measure effects of inelastic interaction and quasi-elastic interaction (diffractive events) – Measure leakage on the rest of the ring Test new crystals – Special crystals, LHC type crystals,… Measure inelastic interaction “cross section” in channeling/VR Develop new hardware – BLM for LHC – Ultra vacuum high precision goniometers Coherent interaction phenomena – PXR emission – New phenomena ? (MVR,…) Sep 20th 20104G.Cavoto

5. SPS activity Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto5

6. Collimation region Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto6 Protons hitting the crystal ✖ Intercepted by LHC collimator Imaged by Medipix Absorbed by secondary collimator (TAL) BLM Cerenkov BLM Scint 65 m Inelastic interaction of protons in the crystal BLM GEM Deflected beam

7. New hardware in 2010 IHEP tank Two new crystals Roman Pot 2 Sep 20th 20107G.Cavoto Remodulation of scint BLM New QM crystal And refurbished gonio

8. Out of collimation region New Hardware put in place in Jan 2010 Second TAL (TAL2 Al scatterer) Sep 20th 20108G.Cavoto New scatterer + BLM (scint and Cerenkov) in highly dispersive region Measure the effect of inelastic and quasi elastic [diffractive] events

9. Pics of new hardware IHEP tank with goniometers Strip crystal in IHEP tank New TAL in dispersive regionAl scattered Sep 20th 20109G.Cavoto

10. Pics of new hardware -2 – RP2 installation Very close to TAL, better position to see channeled beam! No detectors – Place 4 Medipix (2 Horiz and 2 Vert.) Relevant to measure channeled beam direction (from centroid) Sep 20th 201010G.Cavoto

11. Alignment procedure Crystal and all UA9 movable devices are aligned during each fill. Standard and fast procedure to find channeling configuration and collimation! Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto11

12. SPS 2009 results Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto12 Simulation data Inelastic interaction rate close to crystal (strip, #1) Depression in channeling mode not completely described by MC Crystal vertical torsion not compensated RD22 Goniometer unstable W. Scandale et al. / Physics Letters B 692 (2010) 78–82) Deflection efficiency for crys 1 and 2 : (75 4)% and (85 5)% But large variation in different scan [alignment errors]

13. MD in SPS 2010 Two MD (Jul and Aug) – Test of all hardware » New IHEP goniometer working well » Calibration of movable devices in situ! – 3 new crystals installed » (2 quasi-mosaic and 1 strip – INFN FE) Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto13 Crystal 1 Crystal 3 Online pictures!

14. Inelastic interaction, new measurements – Crystal 3 Measure rate close to the crystal (BLM- GEM1) Observed reduction in channeling: factor ~20 Reproduced in several scans during different fills! Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto14 To compare with reduction of 3 times observer on extracted beam (single pass) amorphous channeling Volume reflection

15. LHC collimator scans Measure of channeled beam position and width Deflection efficiency – Comparison of plateau with core beam. Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto15 Protons Moving jaw! No particles Channeled beam Core beam dechanneled

16. Leakage measurement Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto16 Beam core TAL absorbing the Channeled beam Edge effect at TAL A factor 2 less particle when the primary is a channeling crystals wrt amorphous (checked also with W primary!) – TAL2 scan » outside of collimation region, in a dispersive point » Contribution from diffractive events

17. In 2010 1) estimate of the collimation efficiency 2) detect the loss maps induced in the dispersive area 3) Test the remaining crystals 4) Ions in SPS Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto17 Crystal collimation works very well based on channeling process Optimal crystal alignment easily detected and achieved Collimation leakage in amorphous orientation larger than in channeling Diffractive and betatronic loss rate reduced by more than a factor of 2 at the dispersive maximum location (sextant 5, position 22) Nuclear loss rate (including diffractive) strongly depressed In channeling versus amorphous mode : × 12 in multi-turn (SPS) and × 3 in single-pass (NA) What next ?

18. H8 beam tests Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto18 [taking data in this very moment…]

19. INFN detectors (Jun ’10) Medipix TPC GEM Planar GEM p Beam Scintillators Sep 20th 201019G.Cavoto

20. A TPC-GEM p Beam cathode Anode: 5×5 cm 2 16×8 pads, 3×6 mm 2 Electronics: readout (CARIOCA-GEM) + thresholds + HV supplies Triple-GEM 128 LVDS outputs from CARIOCA-GEM to TDC V1190 CAEN for drift time measurement Our only device to study ion channeling (when they come…) Proton channeling Sep 20th 201020G.Cavoto 72  rad deflection

21. Fast scan ! » (Cyclic) Trigger to Medipix (BTF-LNF) » Use Medipix to image proton during one spill » Fast procedure to find channeling Sep 20th 201021G.Cavoto

22. Medipix calibration Crucial for collimation efficiency measurement with Medipix Strongly dependence from threshold: -Need characterization of Medipix in SPS for a better estimation of collimation efficency -Installed Medipix close to RD22 tank (Aug 2010) Calibration factor calculated by Medipix counts/Scintillators counts in one spill. Sep 20th 201022G.Cavoto

23. Sep 2010 H8 telescopes XY plane XY planes XY plane d1 [~10m] UV plane d4 [~10m] 5 planes altogether (10 silicon strip sensors) each plane provides 2 co-ordinates: XY or UV UV plane = XY plane rotated through 45 0 (resolves ambiguities for multiple hits / trigger) crystal position d2 d3 beam trigger scintillators 25 cm upstream downstream INFN provides trigger signals Goniometer calibration Goniometer control (Run control) Several crystals to be tested Sep 20th 201023G.Cavoto Downstream: TPC- GEM Medipix (fast scan) Planar GEM

24. Si strip detector » CMS LHC Si strip readout system » Provided by Imperial College group » DAQ, calibration, raw data and reco’ed » Tested in H8 in June one telescope working suitable for UA9 physics investigation Sep 20th 201024G.Cavoto

25. Inelastic interaction in channeling – Measure “large” deflection angles events – Measure track multiplicity in downstream detectors – Correlate to hadronic interaction activity in channeling/amorphous/volume reflection Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto25 NPB 144 (1978) 1-21,S.K.Andersen et al. C.Biino et al, NIMB 194 (2002) 417 Better measuments Better crystals

26. Holders and crystal Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto26 For LHCFor SPS Silicio, (110) plane, miscut: TBM Deflection angle: 180 μrad Size: 55x2x1 mm 3 Torsione: holder can regulate torsion within 0.2 μrad/mm Si, (110 plane ), miscut: 22 μrad Deflection angle: 100 μrad size: 55x5x2 mm 3 Torsion : holder can regulate torsion within 0.2 μrad/mm Crystal characterization at LNL and FE (X-diffratometry and RBS)

27. Crystal characterization Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto27 Backscattered protons are proportional to non-channeled particles. Proton backscattering yield as a function of depth. Channeling Amorphous Inefficiency (  ) can be measured as a function of depth. At low energy, inefficiency is very sensitive to nuclear scattering and defects. High Resolution scan around X-Ray Bragg Diffraction of crystalline planes. Find lattice defects: plane deformation on crystal surface Channeling Beam Miscut angle measured at 30  rad INFN LNL

28. Parametric Xray Radiation Bragg diffraction of virtual photon of charged particles on lattice planes Never observed in curved cystals!!! – Focusing effect. Can be used to monitor the curvature of the crystal Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto28

29. Super scatterer – Special 10-30  m thin crystal ( /2 or /4): they act as scatterer or mirror improve problem of imperfect surface layer of bent crystal (BC) Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto29 E. Tsyganov, A. Taratin, NIMA 363, (1995) 511-519 Thin crystal /4

30. Very thin crystals Realized with anisotropic chemical etching (INFN FE) Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto30 10 mm 5mm Frame 300 µm Thin membrane ~ 14 o 28 µm

31. Focusing lens Channeling efficiency >99% – exceeding the theoretical value of 85% Try to produce it with pholitographic techniques next year Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto31 ~λ/15~λ/4 Very short crystal Straight Particles are kept far from atomic sites: dechanneling reduction! V. Tikhomirov ‘s idea

32. Status e richieste Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto32

33. INFN 2010 Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto33 SezioneActivity FE (3p+1borsista)Crystal production and characterization LNF (6p) GEM + TPCG R&D Medipix X-ray characterization Crystal theory and simulation LNL (5p+1tecn+1bors+1tecn lau.) Goniometer in vacuum Crystal characterization with Xray and RBS NA (1p)Simulation RM (4p+spokeperson+1laur) TPCG R&D BLM setup Simulation Medipix AllData taking shifts, data analysis

34. Publications SPS 2009 data analysis – W. Scandale et al. Physics Letters B 692 (2010) 78–82 Hadronic suppression in channeling – W. Scandale et al NIM B 268 (2010) 2655–2659 SPS experimental layout – in preparation Several conf paper and talks to – IPAC10 – Channeling’10 – SIF Sep 20th 201034G.Cavoto

35. Funding – UA9 collaboration MoU in approval phase Agreement between CERN, Italy, Russia, UK and US Total CF: ~100 kCHF (INFN contribution 32%) – FP7 Eucard project [80k euro/4years] UA9 INFN people joined this project: crystals [FE:20k], goniometer[LNL:20k] and simulation [assegno di ricerca RM1] – FIRB Futuro in Ricerca (GC) One 3-year young researcher position Detector construction and test Sep 20th 201035G.Cavoto

36. Outlook Plan to continue the current program in SPS and H8 in 2011 – Same numbers of MD on SPS and 5 weeks in H8 (reduction to 3 in 2010). » Improve the quality of data and collimation operation – Replace gonio 1 and 2 – Fill RP2 with 4 Medipix and fiber hodoscope (cross calibration) – More BLM-Scint – Use of SPS collimator to scan other 2 region outside collimation region – Test LHC crystals in H8 Move to LHC – Installation of crystals, mini RP, goniometers and detectors in 2012 – Detector and movable device R&D in 2011 Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto36

37. CERN support Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto37

38. Milestone 2011 Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto38

39. Back up slides Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto39

40. Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto40

41. Richieste 2011 Produzione cristalli (FE) Caratterizzazione cristalli – Rinnovo elettronica (LNL) R&D per rivelatori (LNF-RM) – Costruzione GEM per rivelazione PXR – GEM per rivelazione neutroni – GEM planare (a la Daphne) come BLM per LHC Seconda TPC-GEM per completamento telescopio (LNF-RM) Refurbishing di prototipo di NA62 per calorimentro em – Misura di interazione inelastiche su fascio estratto Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto41 Consumo e inventariabile

42. Sep 2010 MD memo Thurs: Crystal 3 QM – Scan with LHC collimator – Medipix Thurs evening – Scan in dispersive region (TAL2) Crystal 3 in amorphous, channeling and with W scatterer Observations: – Crys 2 has small angular range! (it msut be the best crystal though) Sep 20th 2010G.Cavoto42