1. 1 Session Dinner Zur Alten Kaiserm ü hle Restaurant, Alte Donau, Fischerstrand 21A 7.45 pm tonight Payment: Cash at the restaurant (no credit cards) Meeting point: We will set off for the restaurant at 7.15 pm from this room (24)

2. Challenges to Plume and Plate – Telling it like it is Gillian R. Foulger University of Durham, UK

3. 3 Definition of a “plume” fossil plume (Rotolo et al., 2006) dying plume (Davaille & Vatteville, 2005) recycled plume head (Gasperini et al., 2000) tabular plume (Hoernle et al., 1995) finger-like plume (Cadoux et al., 2007) baby plume (Ritter, 2006) channelled plume (Oyarzun et al, 1997) toroidal plume (Mahoney et al., 1992) head-free plume (Ritter, 2006) cold plume (Hanguita & Hernan, 2000) depleted residual plume (Danyushevsky et al., 1995) pulsating plume (Krienitz et al., 2007) subduction fluid-fluxed refractory plume (Falloon et al., 2007) Definition of “plume” Composition Volume Temperature Seismology Summary

4. 4 Comparison with geosynclines Mio-geosyncline Eu-geosyncline Ortho-geosyncline Primary geosyncline Zeugo-geosyncline Para-geosyncline Exo-geosyncline Taphro-geosyncline Paralia-geosyncline Definition of “plume” Composition Volume Temperature Seismology Summary

5. 5 Basic observations Large amounts of compositionally distinct magma Definition of “plume” Composition Volume Temperature Seismology Summary

6. 6 Composition The bottom line: Geochemistry (FOZO, C, PHEM etc.) does NOT require a lower- mantle source Definition of “plume” Composition Volume Temperature Seismology Summary

7. 7 Volume The primary observable But it often cannot be explained – by plumes, or other mechanisms Definition of “plume” Composition Volume Temperature Seismology Summary

8. 8 Volume Cordery et al. (1997) Definition of “plume” Composition Volume Temperature Seismology Summary

9. 9 Volume Van Wijk, 2001 Definition of “plume” Composition Volume Temperature Seismology Summary

10. 10 Temperature Are “hot spots” hot? What evidence is there for high T? Petrology? Seismology? Definition of “plume” Composition Volume Temperature Seismology Summary

11. 11 Temperature Herzberg et al., 2007 Definition of “plume” Composition Volume Temperature Seismology Summary

12. 12 Temperature Korenaga, 2004 Definition of “plume” Composition Volume Temperature Seismology Summary

13. 13 How can it help us? Can it help us? Major problems: –Repeatability poor –Poor data coverage globally –Interpretation ambiguous Seismic tomography Definition of “plume” Composition Volume Temperature Seismology Summary

14. 14 Seismology Comment of van der Hilst & de Hoop (2005) on “plumes” identified by “banana-doughnut tomography” Definition of “plume” Composition Volume Temperature Seismology Summary

15. 15 Velocity dependent on: –Phase (mineral or state) –Composition –Temperature Seismology RED = HOT Definition of “plume” Composition Volume Temperature Seismology Summary

16. 16 Summary The bottom line: Fundamental problems to address Lots of methods available But serious difficulties that should not be ignored Definition of “plume” Composition Volume Temperature Seismology Summary

17. That’s all folks